deadline-iosched.c 14 KB

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575
  1. /*
  2. * Deadline i/o scheduler.
  3. *
  4. * Copyright (C) 2002 Jens Axboe <axboe@suse.de>
  5. */
  6. #include <linux/kernel.h>
  7. #include <linux/fs.h>
  8. #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  9. #include <linux/elevator.h>
  10. #include <linux/bio.h>
  11. #include <linux/module.h>
  12. #include <linux/slab.h>
  13. #include <linux/init.h>
  14. #include <linux/compiler.h>
  15. #include <linux/rbtree.h>
  16. /*
  17. * See Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt
  18. */
  19. static const int read_expire = HZ / 2; /* max time before a read is submitted. */
  20. static const int write_expire = 5 * HZ; /* ditto for writes, these limits are SOFT! */
  21. static const int writes_starved = 2; /* max times reads can starve a write */
  22. static const int fifo_batch = 16; /* # of sequential requests treated as one
  23. by the above parameters. For throughput. */
  24. struct deadline_data {
  25. /*
  26. * run time data
  27. */
  28. /*
  29. * requests (deadline_rq s) are present on both sort_list and fifo_list
  30. */
  31. struct rb_root sort_list[2];
  32. struct list_head fifo_list[2];
  33. /*
  34. * next in sort order. read, write or both are NULL
  35. */
  36. struct deadline_rq *next_drq[2];
  37. unsigned int batching; /* number of sequential requests made */
  38. sector_t last_sector; /* head position */
  39. unsigned int starved; /* times reads have starved writes */
  40. /*
  41. * settings that change how the i/o scheduler behaves
  42. */
  43. int fifo_expire[2];
  44. int fifo_batch;
  45. int writes_starved;
  46. int front_merges;
  47. mempool_t *drq_pool;
  48. };
  49. /*
  50. * pre-request data.
  51. */
  52. struct deadline_rq {
  53. struct request *request;
  54. /*
  55. * expire fifo
  56. */
  57. struct list_head fifo;
  58. unsigned long expires;
  59. };
  60. static void deadline_move_request(struct deadline_data *dd, struct deadline_rq *drq);
  61. static kmem_cache_t *drq_pool;
  62. #define RQ_DATA(rq) ((struct deadline_rq *) (rq)->elevator_private)
  63. #define RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq) (&(dd)->sort_list[rq_data_dir((rq))])
  64. #define DRQ_RB_ROOT(dd, drq) RQ_RB_ROOT((drq)->request)
  65. static void
  66. deadline_add_drq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
  67. {
  68. struct rb_root *root = RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq);
  69. struct request *__alias;
  70. retry:
  71. __alias = elv_rb_add(root, rq);
  72. if (unlikely(__alias)) {
  73. deadline_move_request(dd, RQ_DATA(__alias));
  74. goto retry;
  75. }
  76. }
  77. static inline void
  78. deadline_del_drq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct deadline_rq *drq)
  79. {
  80. struct request *rq = drq->request;
  81. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
  82. if (dd->next_drq[data_dir] == drq) {
  83. struct rb_node *rbnext = rb_next(&rq->rb_node);
  84. dd->next_drq[data_dir] = NULL;
  85. if (rbnext)
  86. dd->next_drq[data_dir] = RQ_DATA(rb_entry_rq(rbnext));
  87. }
  88. elv_rb_del(RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq), rq);
  89. }
  90. /*
  91. * add drq to rbtree and fifo
  92. */
  93. static void
  94. deadline_add_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
  95. {
  96. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  97. struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
  98. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(drq->request);
  99. deadline_add_drq_rb(dd, rq);
  100. /*
  101. * set expire time (only used for reads) and add to fifo list
  102. */
  103. drq->expires = jiffies + dd->fifo_expire[data_dir];
  104. list_add_tail(&drq->fifo, &dd->fifo_list[data_dir]);
  105. }
  106. /*
  107. * remove rq from rbtree and fifo.
  108. */
  109. static void deadline_remove_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq)
  110. {
  111. struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
  112. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  113. list_del_init(&drq->fifo);
  114. deadline_del_drq_rb(dd, drq);
  115. }
  116. static int
  117. deadline_merge(request_queue_t *q, struct request **req, struct bio *bio)
  118. {
  119. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  120. struct request *__rq;
  121. int ret;
  122. /*
  123. * check for front merge
  124. */
  125. if (dd->front_merges) {
  126. sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector + bio_sectors(bio);
  127. __rq = elv_rb_find(&dd->sort_list[bio_data_dir(bio)], sector);
  128. if (__rq) {
  129. BUG_ON(sector != __rq->sector);
  130. if (elv_rq_merge_ok(__rq, bio)) {
  131. ret = ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE;
  132. goto out;
  133. }
  134. }
  135. }
  136. return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
  137. out:
  138. *req = __rq;
  139. return ret;
  140. }
  141. static void deadline_merged_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *req,
  142. int type)
  143. {
  144. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  145. /*
  146. * if the merge was a front merge, we need to reposition request
  147. */
  148. if (type == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
  149. elv_rb_del(RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, req), req);
  150. deadline_add_drq_rb(dd, req);
  151. }
  152. }
  153. static void
  154. deadline_merged_requests(request_queue_t *q, struct request *req,
  155. struct request *next)
  156. {
  157. struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(req);
  158. struct deadline_rq *dnext = RQ_DATA(next);
  159. BUG_ON(!drq);
  160. BUG_ON(!dnext);
  161. /*
  162. * if dnext expires before drq, assign its expire time to drq
  163. * and move into dnext position (dnext will be deleted) in fifo
  164. */
  165. if (!list_empty(&drq->fifo) && !list_empty(&dnext->fifo)) {
  166. if (time_before(dnext->expires, drq->expires)) {
  167. list_move(&drq->fifo, &dnext->fifo);
  168. drq->expires = dnext->expires;
  169. }
  170. }
  171. /*
  172. * kill knowledge of next, this one is a goner
  173. */
  174. deadline_remove_request(q, next);
  175. }
  176. /*
  177. * move request from sort list to dispatch queue.
  178. */
  179. static inline void
  180. deadline_move_to_dispatch(struct deadline_data *dd, struct deadline_rq *drq)
  181. {
  182. request_queue_t *q = drq->request->q;
  183. deadline_remove_request(q, drq->request);
  184. elv_dispatch_add_tail(q, drq->request);
  185. }
  186. /*
  187. * move an entry to dispatch queue
  188. */
  189. static void
  190. deadline_move_request(struct deadline_data *dd, struct deadline_rq *drq)
  191. {
  192. struct request *rq = drq->request;
  193. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
  194. struct rb_node *rbnext = rb_next(&rq->rb_node);
  195. dd->next_drq[READ] = NULL;
  196. dd->next_drq[WRITE] = NULL;
  197. if (rbnext)
  198. dd->next_drq[data_dir] = RQ_DATA(rb_entry_rq(rbnext));
  199. dd->last_sector = drq->request->sector + drq->request->nr_sectors;
  200. /*
  201. * take it off the sort and fifo list, move
  202. * to dispatch queue
  203. */
  204. deadline_move_to_dispatch(dd, drq);
  205. }
  206. #define list_entry_fifo(ptr) list_entry((ptr), struct deadline_rq, fifo)
  207. /*
  208. * deadline_check_fifo returns 0 if there are no expired reads on the fifo,
  209. * 1 otherwise. Requires !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[data_dir])
  210. */
  211. static inline int deadline_check_fifo(struct deadline_data *dd, int ddir)
  212. {
  213. struct deadline_rq *drq = list_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[ddir].next);
  214. /*
  215. * drq is expired!
  216. */
  217. if (time_after(jiffies, drq->expires))
  218. return 1;
  219. return 0;
  220. }
  221. /*
  222. * deadline_dispatch_requests selects the best request according to
  223. * read/write expire, fifo_batch, etc
  224. */
  225. static int deadline_dispatch_requests(request_queue_t *q, int force)
  226. {
  227. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  228. const int reads = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  229. const int writes = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
  230. struct deadline_rq *drq;
  231. int data_dir;
  232. /*
  233. * batches are currently reads XOR writes
  234. */
  235. if (dd->next_drq[WRITE])
  236. drq = dd->next_drq[WRITE];
  237. else
  238. drq = dd->next_drq[READ];
  239. if (drq) {
  240. /* we have a "next request" */
  241. if (dd->last_sector != drq->request->sector)
  242. /* end the batch on a non sequential request */
  243. dd->batching += dd->fifo_batch;
  244. if (dd->batching < dd->fifo_batch)
  245. /* we are still entitled to batch */
  246. goto dispatch_request;
  247. }
  248. /*
  249. * at this point we are not running a batch. select the appropriate
  250. * data direction (read / write)
  251. */
  252. if (reads) {
  253. BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[READ]));
  254. if (writes && (dd->starved++ >= dd->writes_starved))
  255. goto dispatch_writes;
  256. data_dir = READ;
  257. goto dispatch_find_request;
  258. }
  259. /*
  260. * there are either no reads or writes have been starved
  261. */
  262. if (writes) {
  263. dispatch_writes:
  264. BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[WRITE]));
  265. dd->starved = 0;
  266. data_dir = WRITE;
  267. goto dispatch_find_request;
  268. }
  269. return 0;
  270. dispatch_find_request:
  271. /*
  272. * we are not running a batch, find best request for selected data_dir
  273. */
  274. if (deadline_check_fifo(dd, data_dir)) {
  275. /* An expired request exists - satisfy it */
  276. dd->batching = 0;
  277. drq = list_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[data_dir].next);
  278. } else if (dd->next_drq[data_dir]) {
  279. /*
  280. * The last req was the same dir and we have a next request in
  281. * sort order. No expired requests so continue on from here.
  282. */
  283. drq = dd->next_drq[data_dir];
  284. } else {
  285. struct rb_node *n;
  286. /*
  287. * The last req was the other direction or we have run out of
  288. * higher-sectored requests. Go back to the lowest sectored
  289. * request (1 way elevator) and start a new batch.
  290. */
  291. dd->batching = 0;
  292. n = rb_first(&dd->sort_list[data_dir]);
  293. if (n)
  294. drq = RQ_DATA(rb_entry_rq(n));
  295. }
  296. dispatch_request:
  297. /*
  298. * drq is the selected appropriate request.
  299. */
  300. dd->batching++;
  301. deadline_move_request(dd, drq);
  302. return 1;
  303. }
  304. static int deadline_queue_empty(request_queue_t *q)
  305. {
  306. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  307. return list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE])
  308. && list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  309. }
  310. static void deadline_exit_queue(elevator_t *e)
  311. {
  312. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data;
  313. BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]));
  314. BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]));
  315. mempool_destroy(dd->drq_pool);
  316. kfree(dd);
  317. }
  318. /*
  319. * initialize elevator private data (deadline_data), and alloc a drq for
  320. * each request on the free lists
  321. */
  322. static void *deadline_init_queue(request_queue_t *q, elevator_t *e)
  323. {
  324. struct deadline_data *dd;
  325. if (!drq_pool)
  326. return NULL;
  327. dd = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*dd), GFP_KERNEL, q->node);
  328. if (!dd)
  329. return NULL;
  330. memset(dd, 0, sizeof(*dd));
  331. dd->drq_pool = mempool_create_node(BLKDEV_MIN_RQ, mempool_alloc_slab,
  332. mempool_free_slab, drq_pool, q->node);
  333. if (!dd->drq_pool) {
  334. kfree(dd);
  335. return NULL;
  336. }
  337. INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  338. INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
  339. dd->sort_list[READ] = RB_ROOT;
  340. dd->sort_list[WRITE] = RB_ROOT;
  341. dd->fifo_expire[READ] = read_expire;
  342. dd->fifo_expire[WRITE] = write_expire;
  343. dd->writes_starved = writes_starved;
  344. dd->front_merges = 1;
  345. dd->fifo_batch = fifo_batch;
  346. return dd;
  347. }
  348. static void deadline_put_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq)
  349. {
  350. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  351. struct deadline_rq *drq = RQ_DATA(rq);
  352. mempool_free(drq, dd->drq_pool);
  353. rq->elevator_private = NULL;
  354. }
  355. static int
  356. deadline_set_request(request_queue_t *q, struct request *rq, struct bio *bio,
  357. gfp_t gfp_mask)
  358. {
  359. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  360. struct deadline_rq *drq;
  361. drq = mempool_alloc(dd->drq_pool, gfp_mask);
  362. if (drq) {
  363. memset(drq, 0, sizeof(*drq));
  364. drq->request = rq;
  365. INIT_LIST_HEAD(&drq->fifo);
  366. rq->elevator_private = drq;
  367. return 0;
  368. }
  369. return 1;
  370. }
  371. /*
  372. * sysfs parts below
  373. */
  374. static ssize_t
  375. deadline_var_show(int var, char *page)
  376. {
  377. return sprintf(page, "%d\n", var);
  378. }
  379. static ssize_t
  380. deadline_var_store(int *var, const char *page, size_t count)
  381. {
  382. char *p = (char *) page;
  383. *var = simple_strtol(p, &p, 10);
  384. return count;
  385. }
  386. #define SHOW_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __VAR, __CONV) \
  387. static ssize_t __FUNC(elevator_t *e, char *page) \
  388. { \
  389. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
  390. int __data = __VAR; \
  391. if (__CONV) \
  392. __data = jiffies_to_msecs(__data); \
  393. return deadline_var_show(__data, (page)); \
  394. }
  395. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[READ], 1);
  396. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 1);
  397. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_show, dd->writes_starved, 0);
  398. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_show, dd->front_merges, 0);
  399. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_show, dd->fifo_batch, 0);
  400. #undef SHOW_FUNCTION
  401. #define STORE_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __PTR, MIN, MAX, __CONV) \
  402. static ssize_t __FUNC(elevator_t *e, const char *page, size_t count) \
  403. { \
  404. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
  405. int __data; \
  406. int ret = deadline_var_store(&__data, (page), count); \
  407. if (__data < (MIN)) \
  408. __data = (MIN); \
  409. else if (__data > (MAX)) \
  410. __data = (MAX); \
  411. if (__CONV) \
  412. *(__PTR) = msecs_to_jiffies(__data); \
  413. else \
  414. *(__PTR) = __data; \
  415. return ret; \
  416. }
  417. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[READ], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
  418. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
  419. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_store, &dd->writes_starved, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0);
  420. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_store, &dd->front_merges, 0, 1, 0);
  421. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_store, &dd->fifo_batch, 0, INT_MAX, 0);
  422. #undef STORE_FUNCTION
  423. #define DD_ATTR(name) \
  424. __ATTR(name, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, deadline_##name##_show, \
  425. deadline_##name##_store)
  426. static struct elv_fs_entry deadline_attrs[] = {
  427. DD_ATTR(read_expire),
  428. DD_ATTR(write_expire),
  429. DD_ATTR(writes_starved),
  430. DD_ATTR(front_merges),
  431. DD_ATTR(fifo_batch),
  432. __ATTR_NULL
  433. };
  434. static struct elevator_type iosched_deadline = {
  435. .ops = {
  436. .elevator_merge_fn = deadline_merge,
  437. .elevator_merged_fn = deadline_merged_request,
  438. .elevator_merge_req_fn = deadline_merged_requests,
  439. .elevator_dispatch_fn = deadline_dispatch_requests,
  440. .elevator_add_req_fn = deadline_add_request,
  441. .elevator_queue_empty_fn = deadline_queue_empty,
  442. .elevator_former_req_fn = elv_rb_former_request,
  443. .elevator_latter_req_fn = elv_rb_latter_request,
  444. .elevator_set_req_fn = deadline_set_request,
  445. .elevator_put_req_fn = deadline_put_request,
  446. .elevator_init_fn = deadline_init_queue,
  447. .elevator_exit_fn = deadline_exit_queue,
  448. },
  449. .elevator_attrs = deadline_attrs,
  450. .elevator_name = "deadline",
  451. .elevator_owner = THIS_MODULE,
  452. };
  453. static int __init deadline_init(void)
  454. {
  455. int ret;
  456. drq_pool = kmem_cache_create("deadline_drq", sizeof(struct deadline_rq),
  457. 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
  458. if (!drq_pool)
  459. return -ENOMEM;
  460. ret = elv_register(&iosched_deadline);
  461. if (ret)
  462. kmem_cache_destroy(drq_pool);
  463. return ret;
  464. }
  465. static void __exit deadline_exit(void)
  466. {
  467. kmem_cache_destroy(drq_pool);
  468. elv_unregister(&iosched_deadline);
  469. }
  470. module_init(deadline_init);
  471. module_exit(deadline_exit);
  472. MODULE_AUTHOR("Jens Axboe");
  473. MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  474. MODULE_DESCRIPTION("deadline IO scheduler");