usb-skeleton.c 13 KB

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  1. /*
  2. * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
  3. *
  4. * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
  5. *
  6. * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  7. * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  8. * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
  9. *
  10. * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
  11. * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
  12. *
  13. */
  14. #include <linux/kernel.h>
  15. #include <linux/errno.h>
  16. #include <linux/init.h>
  17. #include <linux/slab.h>
  18. #include <linux/module.h>
  19. #include <linux/kref.h>
  20. #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  21. #include <linux/usb.h>
  22. #include <linux/mutex.h>
  23. /* Define these values to match your devices */
  24. #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
  25. #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
  26. /* table of devices that work with this driver */
  27. static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
  28. { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
  29. { } /* Terminating entry */
  30. };
  31. MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
  32. /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
  33. #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
  34. /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
  35. #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
  36. /* MAX_TRANSFER is chosen so that the VM is not stressed by
  37. allocations > PAGE_SIZE and the number of packets in a page
  38. is an integer 512 is the largest possible packet on EHCI */
  39. #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
  40. /* arbitrarily chosen */
  41. /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
  42. struct usb_skel {
  43. struct usb_device *udev; /* the usb device for this device */
  44. struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
  45. struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
  46. struct usb_anchor submitted; /* in case we need to retract our submissions */
  47. unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
  48. size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
  49. __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
  50. __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
  51. int errors; /* the last request tanked */
  52. int open_count; /* count the number of openers */
  53. spinlock_t err_lock; /* lock for errors */
  54. struct kref kref;
  55. struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
  56. };
  57. #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
  58. static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
  59. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev);
  60. static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
  61. {
  62. struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
  63. usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
  64. kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
  65. kfree(dev);
  66. }
  67. static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  68. {
  69. struct usb_skel *dev;
  70. struct usb_interface *interface;
  71. int subminor;
  72. int retval = 0;
  73. subminor = iminor(inode);
  74. interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
  75. if (!interface) {
  76. err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
  77. __FUNCTION__, subminor);
  78. retval = -ENODEV;
  79. goto exit;
  80. }
  81. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  82. if (!dev) {
  83. retval = -ENODEV;
  84. goto exit;
  85. }
  86. /* increment our usage count for the device */
  87. kref_get(&dev->kref);
  88. /* lock the device to allow correctly handling errors
  89. * in resumption */
  90. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  91. if (!dev->open_count++) {
  92. retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
  93. if (retval) {
  94. dev->open_count--;
  95. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  96. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  97. goto exit;
  98. }
  99. } /* else { //uncomment this block if you want exclusive open
  100. retval = -EBUSY;
  101. dev->open_count--;
  102. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  103. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  104. goto exit;
  105. } */
  106. /* prevent the device from being autosuspended */
  107. /* save our object in the file's private structure */
  108. file->private_data = dev;
  109. exit:
  110. return retval;
  111. }
  112. static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  113. {
  114. struct usb_skel *dev;
  115. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  116. if (dev == NULL)
  117. return -ENODEV;
  118. /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
  119. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  120. if (!--dev->open_count && dev->interface)
  121. usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
  122. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  123. /* decrement the count on our device */
  124. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  125. return 0;
  126. }
  127. static int skel_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
  128. {
  129. struct usb_skel *dev;
  130. int res;
  131. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  132. if (dev == NULL)
  133. return -ENODEV;
  134. /* wait for io to stop */
  135. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  136. skel_draw_down(dev);
  137. /* read out errors, leave subsequent opens a clean slate */
  138. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  139. res = dev->errors ? (dev->errors == -EPIPE ? -EPIPE : -EIO) : 0;
  140. dev->errors = 0;
  141. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  142. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  143. return res;
  144. }
  145. static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
  146. {
  147. struct usb_skel *dev;
  148. int retval;
  149. int bytes_read;
  150. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  151. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  152. if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
  153. retval = -ENODEV;
  154. goto exit;
  155. }
  156. /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
  157. retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
  158. usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
  159. dev->bulk_in_buffer,
  160. min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
  161. &bytes_read, 10000);
  162. /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
  163. if (!retval) {
  164. if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
  165. retval = -EFAULT;
  166. else
  167. retval = bytes_read;
  168. }
  169. exit:
  170. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  171. return retval;
  172. }
  173. static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
  174. {
  175. struct usb_skel *dev;
  176. dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
  177. /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
  178. if (urb->status) {
  179. if(!(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
  180. urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
  181. urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))
  182. err("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
  183. __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
  184. spin_lock(&dev->err_lock);
  185. dev->errors = urb->status;
  186. spin_unlock(&dev->err_lock);
  187. }
  188. /* free up our allocated buffer */
  189. usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
  190. urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
  191. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  192. }
  193. static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
  194. {
  195. struct usb_skel *dev;
  196. int retval = 0;
  197. struct urb *urb = NULL;
  198. char *buf = NULL;
  199. size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
  200. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  201. /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
  202. if (count == 0)
  203. goto exit;
  204. /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
  205. if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
  206. retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
  207. goto exit;
  208. }
  209. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  210. if ((retval = dev->errors) < 0) {
  211. /* any error is reported once */
  212. dev->errors = 0;
  213. /* to preserve notifications about reset */
  214. retval = (retval == -EPIPE) ? retval : -EIO;
  215. }
  216. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  217. if (retval < 0)
  218. goto error;
  219. /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
  220. urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
  221. if (!urb) {
  222. retval = -ENOMEM;
  223. goto error;
  224. }
  225. buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
  226. if (!buf) {
  227. retval = -ENOMEM;
  228. goto error;
  229. }
  230. if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
  231. retval = -EFAULT;
  232. goto error;
  233. }
  234. /* this lock makes sure we don't submit URBs to gone devices */
  235. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  236. if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
  237. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  238. retval = -ENODEV;
  239. goto error;
  240. }
  241. /* initialize the urb properly */
  242. usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
  243. usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
  244. buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
  245. urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
  246. usb_anchor_urb(urb, &dev->submitted);
  247. /* send the data out the bulk port */
  248. retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
  249. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  250. if (retval) {
  251. err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
  252. goto error_unanchor;
  253. }
  254. /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
  255. usb_free_urb(urb);
  256. return writesize;
  257. error_unanchor:
  258. usb_unanchor_urb(urb);
  259. error:
  260. if (urb) {
  261. usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
  262. usb_free_urb(urb);
  263. }
  264. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  265. exit:
  266. return retval;
  267. }
  268. static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
  269. .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  270. .read = skel_read,
  271. .write = skel_write,
  272. .open = skel_open,
  273. .release = skel_release,
  274. .flush = skel_flush,
  275. };
  276. /*
  277. * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
  278. * and to have the device registered with the driver core
  279. */
  280. static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
  281. .name = "skel%d",
  282. .fops = &skel_fops,
  283. .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
  284. };
  285. static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
  286. {
  287. struct usb_skel *dev;
  288. struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
  289. struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
  290. size_t buffer_size;
  291. int i;
  292. int retval = -ENOMEM;
  293. /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
  294. dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  295. if (!dev) {
  296. err("Out of memory");
  297. goto error;
  298. }
  299. kref_init(&dev->kref);
  300. sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
  301. mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
  302. spin_lock_init(&dev->err_lock);
  303. init_usb_anchor(&dev->submitted);
  304. dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
  305. dev->interface = interface;
  306. /* set up the endpoint information */
  307. /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
  308. iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
  309. for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
  310. endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
  311. if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
  312. usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(endpoint)) {
  313. /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
  314. buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
  315. dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
  316. dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
  317. dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
  318. if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
  319. err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
  320. goto error;
  321. }
  322. }
  323. if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
  324. usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
  325. /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
  326. dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
  327. }
  328. }
  329. if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
  330. err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
  331. goto error;
  332. }
  333. /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
  334. usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
  335. /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
  336. retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  337. if (retval) {
  338. /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
  339. err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
  340. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  341. goto error;
  342. }
  343. /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
  344. info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
  345. return 0;
  346. error:
  347. if (dev)
  348. /* this frees allocated memory */
  349. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  350. return retval;
  351. }
  352. static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
  353. {
  354. struct usb_skel *dev;
  355. int minor = interface->minor;
  356. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  357. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  358. /* give back our minor */
  359. usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  360. /* prevent more I/O from starting */
  361. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  362. dev->interface = NULL;
  363. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  364. usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
  365. /* decrement our usage count */
  366. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  367. info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
  368. }
  369. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev)
  370. {
  371. int time;
  372. time = usb_wait_anchor_empty_timeout(&dev->submitted, 1000);
  373. if (!time)
  374. usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
  375. }
  376. static int skel_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
  377. {
  378. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  379. if (!dev)
  380. return 0;
  381. skel_draw_down(dev);
  382. return 0;
  383. }
  384. static int skel_resume (struct usb_interface *intf)
  385. {
  386. return 0;
  387. }
  388. static int skel_pre_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
  389. {
  390. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  391. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  392. skel_draw_down(dev);
  393. return 0;
  394. }
  395. static int skel_post_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
  396. {
  397. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  398. /* we are sure no URBs are active - no locking needed */
  399. dev->errors = -EPIPE;
  400. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  401. return 0;
  402. }
  403. static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
  404. .name = "skeleton",
  405. .probe = skel_probe,
  406. .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
  407. .suspend = skel_suspend,
  408. .resume = skel_resume,
  409. .pre_reset = skel_pre_reset,
  410. .post_reset = skel_post_reset,
  411. .id_table = skel_table,
  412. .supports_autosuspend = 1,
  413. };
  414. static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
  415. {
  416. int result;
  417. /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
  418. result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
  419. if (result)
  420. err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
  421. return result;
  422. }
  423. static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
  424. {
  425. /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
  426. usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
  427. }
  428. module_init(usb_skel_init);
  429. module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
  430. MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");