deadline-iosched.c 12 KB

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  1. /*
  2. * Deadline i/o scheduler.
  3. *
  4. * Copyright (C) 2002 Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
  5. */
  6. #include <linux/kernel.h>
  7. #include <linux/fs.h>
  8. #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  9. #include <linux/elevator.h>
  10. #include <linux/bio.h>
  11. #include <linux/module.h>
  12. #include <linux/slab.h>
  13. #include <linux/init.h>
  14. #include <linux/compiler.h>
  15. #include <linux/rbtree.h>
  16. /*
  17. * See Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt
  18. */
  19. static const int read_expire = HZ / 2; /* max time before a read is submitted. */
  20. static const int write_expire = 5 * HZ; /* ditto for writes, these limits are SOFT! */
  21. static const int writes_starved = 2; /* max times reads can starve a write */
  22. static const int fifo_batch = 16; /* # of sequential requests treated as one
  23. by the above parameters. For throughput. */
  24. struct deadline_data {
  25. /*
  26. * run time data
  27. */
  28. /*
  29. * requests (deadline_rq s) are present on both sort_list and fifo_list
  30. */
  31. struct rb_root sort_list[2];
  32. struct list_head fifo_list[2];
  33. /*
  34. * next in sort order. read, write or both are NULL
  35. */
  36. struct request *next_rq[2];
  37. unsigned int batching; /* number of sequential requests made */
  38. sector_t last_sector; /* head position */
  39. unsigned int starved; /* times reads have starved writes */
  40. /*
  41. * settings that change how the i/o scheduler behaves
  42. */
  43. int fifo_expire[2];
  44. int fifo_batch;
  45. int writes_starved;
  46. int front_merges;
  47. };
  48. static void deadline_move_request(struct deadline_data *, struct request *);
  49. #define RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq) (&(dd)->sort_list[rq_data_dir((rq))])
  50. /*
  51. * get the request after `rq' in sector-sorted order
  52. */
  53. static inline struct request *
  54. deadline_latter_request(struct request *rq)
  55. {
  56. struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&rq->rb_node);
  57. if (node)
  58. return rb_entry_rq(node);
  59. return NULL;
  60. }
  61. static void
  62. deadline_add_rq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
  63. {
  64. struct rb_root *root = RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq);
  65. struct request *__alias;
  66. retry:
  67. __alias = elv_rb_add(root, rq);
  68. if (unlikely(__alias)) {
  69. deadline_move_request(dd, __alias);
  70. goto retry;
  71. }
  72. }
  73. static inline void
  74. deadline_del_rq_rb(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
  75. {
  76. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
  77. if (dd->next_rq[data_dir] == rq)
  78. dd->next_rq[data_dir] = deadline_latter_request(rq);
  79. elv_rb_del(RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, rq), rq);
  80. }
  81. /*
  82. * add rq to rbtree and fifo
  83. */
  84. static void
  85. deadline_add_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
  86. {
  87. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  88. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
  89. deadline_add_rq_rb(dd, rq);
  90. /*
  91. * set expire time (only used for reads) and add to fifo list
  92. */
  93. rq_set_fifo_time(rq, jiffies + dd->fifo_expire[data_dir]);
  94. list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &dd->fifo_list[data_dir]);
  95. }
  96. /*
  97. * remove rq from rbtree and fifo.
  98. */
  99. static void deadline_remove_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
  100. {
  101. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  102. rq_fifo_clear(rq);
  103. deadline_del_rq_rb(dd, rq);
  104. }
  105. static int
  106. deadline_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request **req, struct bio *bio)
  107. {
  108. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  109. struct request *__rq;
  110. int ret;
  111. /*
  112. * check for front merge
  113. */
  114. if (dd->front_merges) {
  115. sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector + bio_sectors(bio);
  116. __rq = elv_rb_find(&dd->sort_list[bio_data_dir(bio)], sector);
  117. if (__rq) {
  118. BUG_ON(sector != __rq->sector);
  119. if (elv_rq_merge_ok(__rq, bio)) {
  120. ret = ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE;
  121. goto out;
  122. }
  123. }
  124. }
  125. return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
  126. out:
  127. *req = __rq;
  128. return ret;
  129. }
  130. static void deadline_merged_request(struct request_queue *q,
  131. struct request *req, int type)
  132. {
  133. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  134. /*
  135. * if the merge was a front merge, we need to reposition request
  136. */
  137. if (type == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE) {
  138. elv_rb_del(RQ_RB_ROOT(dd, req), req);
  139. deadline_add_rq_rb(dd, req);
  140. }
  141. }
  142. static void
  143. deadline_merged_requests(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
  144. struct request *next)
  145. {
  146. /*
  147. * if next expires before rq, assign its expire time to rq
  148. * and move into next position (next will be deleted) in fifo
  149. */
  150. if (!list_empty(&req->queuelist) && !list_empty(&next->queuelist)) {
  151. if (time_before(rq_fifo_time(next), rq_fifo_time(req))) {
  152. list_move(&req->queuelist, &next->queuelist);
  153. rq_set_fifo_time(req, rq_fifo_time(next));
  154. }
  155. }
  156. /*
  157. * kill knowledge of next, this one is a goner
  158. */
  159. deadline_remove_request(q, next);
  160. }
  161. /*
  162. * move request from sort list to dispatch queue.
  163. */
  164. static inline void
  165. deadline_move_to_dispatch(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
  166. {
  167. struct request_queue *q = rq->q;
  168. deadline_remove_request(q, rq);
  169. elv_dispatch_add_tail(q, rq);
  170. }
  171. /*
  172. * move an entry to dispatch queue
  173. */
  174. static void
  175. deadline_move_request(struct deadline_data *dd, struct request *rq)
  176. {
  177. const int data_dir = rq_data_dir(rq);
  178. dd->next_rq[READ] = NULL;
  179. dd->next_rq[WRITE] = NULL;
  180. dd->next_rq[data_dir] = deadline_latter_request(rq);
  181. dd->last_sector = rq->sector + rq->nr_sectors;
  182. /*
  183. * take it off the sort and fifo list, move
  184. * to dispatch queue
  185. */
  186. deadline_move_to_dispatch(dd, rq);
  187. }
  188. /*
  189. * deadline_check_fifo returns 0 if there are no expired reads on the fifo,
  190. * 1 otherwise. Requires !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[data_dir])
  191. */
  192. static inline int deadline_check_fifo(struct deadline_data *dd, int ddir)
  193. {
  194. struct request *rq = rq_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[ddir].next);
  195. /*
  196. * rq is expired!
  197. */
  198. if (time_after(jiffies, rq_fifo_time(rq)))
  199. return 1;
  200. return 0;
  201. }
  202. /*
  203. * deadline_dispatch_requests selects the best request according to
  204. * read/write expire, fifo_batch, etc
  205. */
  206. static int deadline_dispatch_requests(struct request_queue *q, int force)
  207. {
  208. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  209. const int reads = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  210. const int writes = !list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
  211. struct request *rq;
  212. int data_dir;
  213. /*
  214. * batches are currently reads XOR writes
  215. */
  216. if (dd->next_rq[WRITE])
  217. rq = dd->next_rq[WRITE];
  218. else
  219. rq = dd->next_rq[READ];
  220. if (rq) {
  221. /* we have a "next request" */
  222. if (dd->last_sector != rq->sector)
  223. /* end the batch on a non sequential request */
  224. dd->batching += dd->fifo_batch;
  225. if (dd->batching < dd->fifo_batch)
  226. /* we are still entitled to batch */
  227. goto dispatch_request;
  228. }
  229. /*
  230. * at this point we are not running a batch. select the appropriate
  231. * data direction (read / write)
  232. */
  233. if (reads) {
  234. BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[READ]));
  235. if (writes && (dd->starved++ >= dd->writes_starved))
  236. goto dispatch_writes;
  237. data_dir = READ;
  238. goto dispatch_find_request;
  239. }
  240. /*
  241. * there are either no reads or writes have been starved
  242. */
  243. if (writes) {
  244. dispatch_writes:
  245. BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dd->sort_list[WRITE]));
  246. dd->starved = 0;
  247. data_dir = WRITE;
  248. goto dispatch_find_request;
  249. }
  250. return 0;
  251. dispatch_find_request:
  252. /*
  253. * we are not running a batch, find best request for selected data_dir
  254. */
  255. if (deadline_check_fifo(dd, data_dir) || !dd->next_rq[data_dir]) {
  256. /*
  257. * A deadline has expired, the last request was in the other
  258. * direction, or we have run out of higher-sectored requests.
  259. * Start again from the request with the earliest expiry time.
  260. */
  261. rq = rq_entry_fifo(dd->fifo_list[data_dir].next);
  262. } else {
  263. /*
  264. * The last req was the same dir and we have a next request in
  265. * sort order. No expired requests so continue on from here.
  266. */
  267. rq = dd->next_rq[data_dir];
  268. }
  269. dd->batching = 0;
  270. dispatch_request:
  271. /*
  272. * rq is the selected appropriate request.
  273. */
  274. dd->batching++;
  275. deadline_move_request(dd, rq);
  276. return 1;
  277. }
  278. static int deadline_queue_empty(struct request_queue *q)
  279. {
  280. struct deadline_data *dd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
  281. return list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE])
  282. && list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  283. }
  284. static void deadline_exit_queue(elevator_t *e)
  285. {
  286. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data;
  287. BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[READ]));
  288. BUG_ON(!list_empty(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]));
  289. kfree(dd);
  290. }
  291. /*
  292. * initialize elevator private data (deadline_data).
  293. */
  294. static void *deadline_init_queue(struct request_queue *q)
  295. {
  296. struct deadline_data *dd;
  297. dd = kmalloc_node(sizeof(*dd), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO, q->node);
  298. if (!dd)
  299. return NULL;
  300. INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[READ]);
  301. INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dd->fifo_list[WRITE]);
  302. dd->sort_list[READ] = RB_ROOT;
  303. dd->sort_list[WRITE] = RB_ROOT;
  304. dd->fifo_expire[READ] = read_expire;
  305. dd->fifo_expire[WRITE] = write_expire;
  306. dd->writes_starved = writes_starved;
  307. dd->front_merges = 1;
  308. dd->fifo_batch = fifo_batch;
  309. return dd;
  310. }
  311. /*
  312. * sysfs parts below
  313. */
  314. static ssize_t
  315. deadline_var_show(int var, char *page)
  316. {
  317. return sprintf(page, "%d\n", var);
  318. }
  319. static ssize_t
  320. deadline_var_store(int *var, const char *page, size_t count)
  321. {
  322. char *p = (char *) page;
  323. *var = simple_strtol(p, &p, 10);
  324. return count;
  325. }
  326. #define SHOW_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __VAR, __CONV) \
  327. static ssize_t __FUNC(elevator_t *e, char *page) \
  328. { \
  329. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
  330. int __data = __VAR; \
  331. if (__CONV) \
  332. __data = jiffies_to_msecs(__data); \
  333. return deadline_var_show(__data, (page)); \
  334. }
  335. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[READ], 1);
  336. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_show, dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 1);
  337. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_show, dd->writes_starved, 0);
  338. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_show, dd->front_merges, 0);
  339. SHOW_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_show, dd->fifo_batch, 0);
  340. #undef SHOW_FUNCTION
  341. #define STORE_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __PTR, MIN, MAX, __CONV) \
  342. static ssize_t __FUNC(elevator_t *e, const char *page, size_t count) \
  343. { \
  344. struct deadline_data *dd = e->elevator_data; \
  345. int __data; \
  346. int ret = deadline_var_store(&__data, (page), count); \
  347. if (__data < (MIN)) \
  348. __data = (MIN); \
  349. else if (__data > (MAX)) \
  350. __data = (MAX); \
  351. if (__CONV) \
  352. *(__PTR) = msecs_to_jiffies(__data); \
  353. else \
  354. *(__PTR) = __data; \
  355. return ret; \
  356. }
  357. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_read_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[READ], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
  358. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_write_expire_store, &dd->fifo_expire[WRITE], 0, INT_MAX, 1);
  359. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_writes_starved_store, &dd->writes_starved, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, 0);
  360. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_front_merges_store, &dd->front_merges, 0, 1, 0);
  361. STORE_FUNCTION(deadline_fifo_batch_store, &dd->fifo_batch, 0, INT_MAX, 0);
  362. #undef STORE_FUNCTION
  363. #define DD_ATTR(name) \
  364. __ATTR(name, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, deadline_##name##_show, \
  365. deadline_##name##_store)
  366. static struct elv_fs_entry deadline_attrs[] = {
  367. DD_ATTR(read_expire),
  368. DD_ATTR(write_expire),
  369. DD_ATTR(writes_starved),
  370. DD_ATTR(front_merges),
  371. DD_ATTR(fifo_batch),
  372. __ATTR_NULL
  373. };
  374. static struct elevator_type iosched_deadline = {
  375. .ops = {
  376. .elevator_merge_fn = deadline_merge,
  377. .elevator_merged_fn = deadline_merged_request,
  378. .elevator_merge_req_fn = deadline_merged_requests,
  379. .elevator_dispatch_fn = deadline_dispatch_requests,
  380. .elevator_add_req_fn = deadline_add_request,
  381. .elevator_queue_empty_fn = deadline_queue_empty,
  382. .elevator_former_req_fn = elv_rb_former_request,
  383. .elevator_latter_req_fn = elv_rb_latter_request,
  384. .elevator_init_fn = deadline_init_queue,
  385. .elevator_exit_fn = deadline_exit_queue,
  386. },
  387. .elevator_attrs = deadline_attrs,
  388. .elevator_name = "deadline",
  389. .elevator_owner = THIS_MODULE,
  390. };
  391. static int __init deadline_init(void)
  392. {
  393. elv_register(&iosched_deadline);
  394. return 0;
  395. }
  396. static void __exit deadline_exit(void)
  397. {
  398. elv_unregister(&iosched_deadline);
  399. }
  400. module_init(deadline_init);
  401. module_exit(deadline_exit);
  402. MODULE_AUTHOR("Jens Axboe");
  403. MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
  404. MODULE_DESCRIPTION("deadline IO scheduler");