init.c 11 KB

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  1. #include <linux/initrd.h>
  2. #include <linux/ioport.h>
  3. #include <linux/swap.h>
  4. #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  5. #include <asm/e820.h>
  6. #include <asm/init.h>
  7. #include <asm/page.h>
  8. #include <asm/page_types.h>
  9. #include <asm/sections.h>
  10. #include <asm/setup.h>
  11. #include <asm/system.h>
  12. #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
  13. #include <asm/tlb.h>
  14. #include <asm/proto.h>
  15. DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
  16. unsigned long __initdata e820_table_start;
  17. unsigned long __meminitdata e820_table_end;
  18. unsigned long __meminitdata e820_table_top;
  19. int after_bootmem;
  20. int direct_gbpages
  21. #ifdef CONFIG_DIRECT_GBPAGES
  22. = 1
  23. #endif
  24. ;
  25. int nx_enabled;
  26. #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
  27. static int disable_nx __cpuinitdata;
  28. /*
  29. * noexec = on|off
  30. *
  31. * Control non-executable mappings for processes.
  32. *
  33. * on Enable
  34. * off Disable
  35. */
  36. static int __init noexec_setup(char *str)
  37. {
  38. if (!str)
  39. return -EINVAL;
  40. if (!strncmp(str, "on", 2)) {
  41. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
  42. disable_nx = 0;
  43. } else if (!strncmp(str, "off", 3)) {
  44. disable_nx = 1;
  45. __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
  46. }
  47. return 0;
  48. }
  49. early_param("noexec", noexec_setup);
  50. #endif
  51. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
  52. static void __init set_nx(void)
  53. {
  54. unsigned int v[4], l, h;
  55. if (cpu_has_pae && (cpuid_eax(0x80000000) > 0x80000001)) {
  56. cpuid(0x80000001, &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3]);
  57. if ((v[3] & (1 << 20)) && !disable_nx) {
  58. rdmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
  59. l |= EFER_NX;
  60. wrmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
  61. nx_enabled = 1;
  62. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
  63. }
  64. }
  65. }
  66. #else
  67. static inline void set_nx(void)
  68. {
  69. }
  70. #endif
  71. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  72. void __cpuinit check_efer(void)
  73. {
  74. unsigned long efer;
  75. rdmsrl(MSR_EFER, efer);
  76. if (!(efer & EFER_NX) || disable_nx)
  77. __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
  78. }
  79. #endif
  80. static void __init find_early_table_space(unsigned long end, int use_pse,
  81. int use_gbpages)
  82. {
  83. unsigned long puds, pmds, ptes, tables, start;
  84. puds = (end + PUD_SIZE - 1) >> PUD_SHIFT;
  85. tables = roundup(puds * sizeof(pud_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  86. if (use_gbpages) {
  87. unsigned long extra;
  88. extra = end - ((end>>PUD_SHIFT) << PUD_SHIFT);
  89. pmds = (extra + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
  90. } else
  91. pmds = (end + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
  92. tables += roundup(pmds * sizeof(pmd_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  93. if (use_pse) {
  94. unsigned long extra;
  95. extra = end - ((end>>PMD_SHIFT) << PMD_SHIFT);
  96. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  97. extra += PMD_SIZE;
  98. #endif
  99. ptes = (extra + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  100. } else
  101. ptes = (end + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  102. tables += roundup(ptes * sizeof(pte_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  103. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  104. /* for fixmap */
  105. tables += roundup(__end_of_fixed_addresses * sizeof(pte_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  106. #endif
  107. /*
  108. * RED-PEN putting page tables only on node 0 could
  109. * cause a hotspot and fill up ZONE_DMA. The page tables
  110. * need roughly 0.5KB per GB.
  111. */
  112. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  113. start = 0x7000;
  114. #else
  115. start = 0x8000;
  116. #endif
  117. e820_table_start = find_e820_area(start, max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT,
  118. tables, PAGE_SIZE);
  119. if (e820_table_start == -1UL)
  120. panic("Cannot find space for the kernel page tables");
  121. e820_table_start >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
  122. e820_table_end = e820_table_start;
  123. e820_table_top = e820_table_start + (tables >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  124. printk(KERN_DEBUG "kernel direct mapping tables up to %lx @ %lx-%lx\n",
  125. end, e820_table_start << PAGE_SHIFT, e820_table_top << PAGE_SHIFT);
  126. }
  127. struct map_range {
  128. unsigned long start;
  129. unsigned long end;
  130. unsigned page_size_mask;
  131. };
  132. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  133. #define NR_RANGE_MR 3
  134. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  135. #define NR_RANGE_MR 5
  136. #endif
  137. static int __meminit save_mr(struct map_range *mr, int nr_range,
  138. unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
  139. unsigned long page_size_mask)
  140. {
  141. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  142. if (nr_range >= NR_RANGE_MR)
  143. panic("run out of range for init_memory_mapping\n");
  144. mr[nr_range].start = start_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
  145. mr[nr_range].end = end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
  146. mr[nr_range].page_size_mask = page_size_mask;
  147. nr_range++;
  148. }
  149. return nr_range;
  150. }
  151. /*
  152. * Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
  153. * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
  154. * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
  155. */
  156. unsigned long __init_refok init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
  157. unsigned long end)
  158. {
  159. unsigned long page_size_mask = 0;
  160. unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
  161. unsigned long ret = 0;
  162. unsigned long pos;
  163. struct map_range mr[NR_RANGE_MR];
  164. int nr_range, i;
  165. int use_pse, use_gbpages;
  166. printk(KERN_INFO "init_memory_mapping: %016lx-%016lx\n", start, end);
  167. #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC) || defined(CONFIG_KMEMCHECK)
  168. /*
  169. * For CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, identity mapping will use small pages.
  170. * This will simplify cpa(), which otherwise needs to support splitting
  171. * large pages into small in interrupt context, etc.
  172. */
  173. use_pse = use_gbpages = 0;
  174. #else
  175. use_pse = cpu_has_pse;
  176. use_gbpages = direct_gbpages;
  177. #endif
  178. set_nx();
  179. if (nx_enabled)
  180. printk(KERN_INFO "NX (Execute Disable) protection: active\n");
  181. /* Enable PSE if available */
  182. if (cpu_has_pse)
  183. set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PSE);
  184. /* Enable PGE if available */
  185. if (cpu_has_pge) {
  186. set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PGE);
  187. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
  188. }
  189. if (use_gbpages)
  190. page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_1G;
  191. if (use_pse)
  192. page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_2M;
  193. memset(mr, 0, sizeof(mr));
  194. nr_range = 0;
  195. /* head if not big page alignment ? */
  196. start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  197. pos = start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  198. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  199. /*
  200. * Don't use a large page for the first 2/4MB of memory
  201. * because there are often fixed size MTRRs in there
  202. * and overlapping MTRRs into large pages can cause
  203. * slowdowns.
  204. */
  205. if (pos == 0)
  206. end_pfn = 1<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  207. else
  208. end_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  209. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  210. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  211. end_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1)) >> PMD_SHIFT)
  212. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  213. #endif
  214. if (end_pfn > (end >> PAGE_SHIFT))
  215. end_pfn = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  216. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  217. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);
  218. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  219. }
  220. /* big page (2M) range */
  221. start_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  222. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  223. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  224. end_pfn = (end>>PMD_SHIFT) << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  225. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  226. end_pfn = ((pos + (PUD_SIZE - 1))>>PUD_SHIFT)
  227. << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  228. if (end_pfn > ((end>>PMD_SHIFT)<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)))
  229. end_pfn = ((end>>PMD_SHIFT)<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT));
  230. #endif
  231. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  232. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  233. page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
  234. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  235. }
  236. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  237. /* big page (1G) range */
  238. start_pfn = ((pos + (PUD_SIZE - 1))>>PUD_SHIFT)
  239. << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  240. end_pfn = (end >> PUD_SHIFT) << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  241. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  242. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  243. page_size_mask &
  244. ((1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)|(1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)));
  245. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  246. }
  247. /* tail is not big page (1G) alignment */
  248. start_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  249. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  250. end_pfn = (end >> PMD_SHIFT) << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  251. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  252. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  253. page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
  254. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  255. }
  256. #endif
  257. /* tail is not big page (2M) alignment */
  258. start_pfn = pos>>PAGE_SHIFT;
  259. end_pfn = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
  260. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);
  261. /* try to merge same page size and continuous */
  262. for (i = 0; nr_range > 1 && i < nr_range - 1; i++) {
  263. unsigned long old_start;
  264. if (mr[i].end != mr[i+1].start ||
  265. mr[i].page_size_mask != mr[i+1].page_size_mask)
  266. continue;
  267. /* move it */
  268. old_start = mr[i].start;
  269. memmove(&mr[i], &mr[i+1],
  270. (nr_range - 1 - i) * sizeof(struct map_range));
  271. mr[i--].start = old_start;
  272. nr_range--;
  273. }
  274. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  275. printk(KERN_DEBUG " %010lx - %010lx page %s\n",
  276. mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  277. (mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G))?"1G":(
  278. (mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M))?"2M":"4k"));
  279. /*
  280. * Find space for the kernel direct mapping tables.
  281. *
  282. * Later we should allocate these tables in the local node of the
  283. * memory mapped. Unfortunately this is done currently before the
  284. * nodes are discovered.
  285. */
  286. if (!after_bootmem)
  287. find_early_table_space(end, use_pse, use_gbpages);
  288. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  289. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  290. kernel_physical_mapping_init(mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  291. mr[i].page_size_mask);
  292. ret = end;
  293. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  294. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  295. ret = kernel_physical_mapping_init(mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  296. mr[i].page_size_mask);
  297. #endif
  298. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  299. early_ioremap_page_table_range_init();
  300. load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
  301. #endif
  302. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  303. if (!after_bootmem && !start) {
  304. pud_t *pud;
  305. pmd_t *pmd;
  306. mmu_cr4_features = read_cr4();
  307. /*
  308. * _brk_end cannot change anymore, but it and _end may be
  309. * located on different 2M pages. cleanup_highmap(), however,
  310. * can only consider _end when it runs, so destroy any
  311. * mappings beyond _brk_end here.
  312. */
  313. pud = pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(_brk_end), _brk_end);
  314. pmd = pmd_offset(pud, _brk_end - 1);
  315. while (++pmd <= pmd_offset(pud, (unsigned long)_end - 1))
  316. pmd_clear(pmd);
  317. }
  318. #endif
  319. __flush_tlb_all();
  320. if (!after_bootmem && e820_table_end > e820_table_start)
  321. reserve_early(e820_table_start << PAGE_SHIFT,
  322. e820_table_end << PAGE_SHIFT, "PGTABLE");
  323. if (!after_bootmem)
  324. early_memtest(start, end);
  325. return ret >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  326. }
  327. /*
  328. * devmem_is_allowed() checks to see if /dev/mem access to a certain address
  329. * is valid. The argument is a physical page number.
  330. *
  331. *
  332. * On x86, access has to be given to the first megabyte of ram because that area
  333. * contains bios code and data regions used by X and dosemu and similar apps.
  334. * Access has to be given to non-kernel-ram areas as well, these contain the PCI
  335. * mmio resources as well as potential bios/acpi data regions.
  336. */
  337. int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr)
  338. {
  339. if (pagenr <= 256)
  340. return 1;
  341. if (iomem_is_exclusive(pagenr << PAGE_SHIFT))
  342. return 0;
  343. if (!page_is_ram(pagenr))
  344. return 1;
  345. return 0;
  346. }
  347. void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
  348. {
  349. unsigned long addr = begin;
  350. if (addr >= end)
  351. return;
  352. /*
  353. * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
  354. * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
  355. * create a kernel page fault:
  356. */
  357. #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
  358. printk(KERN_INFO "debug: unmapping init memory %08lx..%08lx\n",
  359. begin, PAGE_ALIGN(end));
  360. set_memory_np(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  361. #else
  362. /*
  363. * We just marked the kernel text read only above, now that
  364. * we are going to free part of that, we need to make that
  365. * writeable first.
  366. */
  367. set_memory_rw(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  368. printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
  369. for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
  370. ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
  371. init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
  372. memset((void *)(addr & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1)),
  373. POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
  374. free_page(addr);
  375. totalram_pages++;
  376. }
  377. #endif
  378. }
  379. void free_initmem(void)
  380. {
  381. free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
  382. (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
  383. (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
  384. }
  385. #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
  386. void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
  387. {
  388. free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);
  389. }
  390. #endif