usb-skeleton.c 12 KB

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  1. /*
  2. * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
  3. *
  4. * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman (greg@kroah.com)
  5. *
  6. * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
  7. * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  8. * published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
  9. *
  10. * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
  11. * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
  12. *
  13. */
  14. #include <linux/kernel.h>
  15. #include <linux/errno.h>
  16. #include <linux/init.h>
  17. #include <linux/slab.h>
  18. #include <linux/module.h>
  19. #include <linux/kref.h>
  20. #include <asm/uaccess.h>
  21. #include <linux/usb.h>
  22. #include <linux/mutex.h>
  23. /* Define these values to match your devices */
  24. #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
  25. #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
  26. /* table of devices that work with this driver */
  27. static struct usb_device_id skel_table [] = {
  28. { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
  29. { } /* Terminating entry */
  30. };
  31. MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
  32. /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
  33. #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
  34. /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
  35. #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
  36. /* MAX_TRANSFER is chosen so that the VM is not stressed by
  37. allocations > PAGE_SIZE and the number of packets in a page
  38. is an integer 512 is the largest possible packet on EHCI */
  39. #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
  40. /* arbitrarily chosen */
  41. /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
  42. struct usb_skel {
  43. struct usb_device *udev; /* the usb device for this device */
  44. struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
  45. struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
  46. struct usb_anchor submitted; /* in case we need to retract our submissions */
  47. unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
  48. size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
  49. __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
  50. __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
  51. int errors; /* the last request tanked */
  52. spinlock_t err_lock; /* lock for errors */
  53. struct kref kref;
  54. struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
  55. };
  56. #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
  57. static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
  58. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev);
  59. static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
  60. {
  61. struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
  62. usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
  63. kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
  64. kfree(dev);
  65. }
  66. static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  67. {
  68. struct usb_skel *dev;
  69. struct usb_interface *interface;
  70. int subminor;
  71. int retval = 0;
  72. subminor = iminor(inode);
  73. interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
  74. if (!interface) {
  75. err ("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
  76. __FUNCTION__, subminor);
  77. retval = -ENODEV;
  78. goto exit;
  79. }
  80. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  81. if (!dev) {
  82. retval = -ENODEV;
  83. goto exit;
  84. }
  85. /* increment our usage count for the device */
  86. kref_get(&dev->kref);
  87. /* prevent the device from being autosuspended */
  88. retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
  89. if (retval) {
  90. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  91. goto exit;
  92. }
  93. /* save our object in the file's private structure */
  94. file->private_data = dev;
  95. exit:
  96. return retval;
  97. }
  98. static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  99. {
  100. struct usb_skel *dev;
  101. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  102. if (dev == NULL)
  103. return -ENODEV;
  104. /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
  105. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  106. if (dev->interface)
  107. usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
  108. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  109. /* decrement the count on our device */
  110. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  111. return 0;
  112. }
  113. static int skel_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
  114. {
  115. struct usb_skel *dev;
  116. int res;
  117. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  118. if (dev == NULL)
  119. return -ENODEV;
  120. /* wait for io to stop */
  121. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  122. skel_draw_down(dev);
  123. /* read out errors, leave subsequent opens a clean slate */
  124. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  125. res = dev->errors ? (dev->errors == -EPIPE ? -EPIPE : -EIO) : 0;
  126. dev->errors = 0;
  127. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  128. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  129. return res;
  130. }
  131. static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
  132. {
  133. struct usb_skel *dev;
  134. int retval;
  135. int bytes_read;
  136. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  137. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  138. if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
  139. retval = -ENODEV;
  140. goto exit;
  141. }
  142. /* do a blocking bulk read to get data from the device */
  143. retval = usb_bulk_msg(dev->udev,
  144. usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
  145. dev->bulk_in_buffer,
  146. min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
  147. &bytes_read, 10000);
  148. /* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
  149. if (!retval) {
  150. if (copy_to_user(buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, bytes_read))
  151. retval = -EFAULT;
  152. else
  153. retval = bytes_read;
  154. }
  155. exit:
  156. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  157. return retval;
  158. }
  159. static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
  160. {
  161. struct usb_skel *dev;
  162. dev = (struct usb_skel *)urb->context;
  163. /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
  164. if (urb->status) {
  165. if(!(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
  166. urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
  167. urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))
  168. err("%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
  169. __FUNCTION__, urb->status);
  170. spin_lock(&dev->err_lock);
  171. dev->errors = urb->status;
  172. spin_unlock(&dev->err_lock);
  173. }
  174. /* free up our allocated buffer */
  175. usb_buffer_free(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
  176. urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
  177. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  178. }
  179. static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
  180. {
  181. struct usb_skel *dev;
  182. int retval = 0;
  183. struct urb *urb = NULL;
  184. char *buf = NULL;
  185. size_t writesize = min(count, (size_t)MAX_TRANSFER);
  186. dev = (struct usb_skel *)file->private_data;
  187. /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
  188. if (count == 0)
  189. goto exit;
  190. /* limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all RAM */
  191. if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
  192. retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
  193. goto exit;
  194. }
  195. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  196. if ((retval = dev->errors) < 0) {
  197. /* any error is reported once */
  198. dev->errors = 0;
  199. /* to preserve notifications about reset */
  200. retval = (retval == -EPIPE) ? retval : -EIO;
  201. }
  202. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  203. if (retval < 0)
  204. goto error;
  205. /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
  206. urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
  207. if (!urb) {
  208. retval = -ENOMEM;
  209. goto error;
  210. }
  211. buf = usb_buffer_alloc(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL, &urb->transfer_dma);
  212. if (!buf) {
  213. retval = -ENOMEM;
  214. goto error;
  215. }
  216. if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
  217. retval = -EFAULT;
  218. goto error;
  219. }
  220. /* this lock makes sure we don't submit URBs to gone devices */
  221. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  222. if (!dev->interface) { /* disconnect() was called */
  223. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  224. retval = -ENODEV;
  225. goto error;
  226. }
  227. /* initialize the urb properly */
  228. usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
  229. usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
  230. buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
  231. urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
  232. usb_anchor_urb(urb, &dev->submitted);
  233. /* send the data out the bulk port */
  234. retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
  235. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  236. if (retval) {
  237. err("%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d", __FUNCTION__, retval);
  238. goto error_unanchor;
  239. }
  240. /* release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free it entirely */
  241. usb_free_urb(urb);
  242. return writesize;
  243. error_unanchor:
  244. usb_unanchor_urb(urb);
  245. error:
  246. if (urb) {
  247. usb_buffer_free(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
  248. usb_free_urb(urb);
  249. }
  250. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  251. exit:
  252. return retval;
  253. }
  254. static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
  255. .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  256. .read = skel_read,
  257. .write = skel_write,
  258. .open = skel_open,
  259. .release = skel_release,
  260. .flush = skel_flush,
  261. };
  262. /*
  263. * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
  264. * and to have the device registered with the driver core
  265. */
  266. static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
  267. .name = "skel%d",
  268. .fops = &skel_fops,
  269. .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
  270. };
  271. static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
  272. {
  273. struct usb_skel *dev;
  274. struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
  275. struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
  276. size_t buffer_size;
  277. int i;
  278. int retval = -ENOMEM;
  279. /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
  280. dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  281. if (!dev) {
  282. err("Out of memory");
  283. goto error;
  284. }
  285. kref_init(&dev->kref);
  286. sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
  287. mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
  288. spin_lock_init(&dev->err_lock);
  289. init_usb_anchor(&dev->submitted);
  290. dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
  291. dev->interface = interface;
  292. /* set up the endpoint information */
  293. /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
  294. iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
  295. for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->desc.bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
  296. endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i].desc;
  297. if (!dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr &&
  298. usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(endpoint)) {
  299. /* we found a bulk in endpoint */
  300. buffer_size = le16_to_cpu(endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
  301. dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
  302. dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
  303. dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
  304. if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
  305. err("Could not allocate bulk_in_buffer");
  306. goto error;
  307. }
  308. }
  309. if (!dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr &&
  310. usb_endpoint_is_bulk_out(endpoint)) {
  311. /* we found a bulk out endpoint */
  312. dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
  313. }
  314. }
  315. if (!(dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr && dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr)) {
  316. err("Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints");
  317. goto error;
  318. }
  319. /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
  320. usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
  321. /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
  322. retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  323. if (retval) {
  324. /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
  325. err("Not able to get a minor for this device.");
  326. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  327. goto error;
  328. }
  329. /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
  330. info("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d", interface->minor);
  331. return 0;
  332. error:
  333. if (dev)
  334. /* this frees allocated memory */
  335. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  336. return retval;
  337. }
  338. static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
  339. {
  340. struct usb_skel *dev;
  341. int minor = interface->minor;
  342. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  343. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  344. /* give back our minor */
  345. usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  346. /* prevent more I/O from starting */
  347. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  348. dev->interface = NULL;
  349. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  350. /* decrement our usage count */
  351. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  352. info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
  353. }
  354. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev)
  355. {
  356. int time;
  357. time = usb_wait_anchor_empty_timeout(&dev->submitted, 1000);
  358. if (!time)
  359. usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
  360. }
  361. static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
  362. .name = "skeleton",
  363. .probe = skel_probe,
  364. .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
  365. .id_table = skel_table,
  366. .supports_autosuspend = 1,
  367. };
  368. static int __init usb_skel_init(void)
  369. {
  370. int result;
  371. /* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
  372. result = usb_register(&skel_driver);
  373. if (result)
  374. err("usb_register failed. Error number %d", result);
  375. return result;
  376. }
  377. static void __exit usb_skel_exit(void)
  378. {
  379. /* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
  380. usb_deregister(&skel_driver);
  381. }
  382. module_init(usb_skel_init);
  383. module_exit(usb_skel_exit);
  384. MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");