init.c 12 KB

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  1. #include <linux/initrd.h>
  2. #include <linux/ioport.h>
  3. #include <linux/swap.h>
  4. #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  5. #include <asm/e820.h>
  6. #include <asm/init.h>
  7. #include <asm/page.h>
  8. #include <asm/page_types.h>
  9. #include <asm/sections.h>
  10. #include <asm/setup.h>
  11. #include <asm/system.h>
  12. #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
  13. #include <asm/tlb.h>
  14. DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);
  15. unsigned long __initdata e820_table_start;
  16. unsigned long __meminitdata e820_table_end;
  17. unsigned long __meminitdata e820_table_top;
  18. int after_bootmem;
  19. int direct_gbpages
  20. #ifdef CONFIG_DIRECT_GBPAGES
  21. = 1
  22. #endif
  23. ;
  24. int nx_enabled;
  25. #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) || defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE)
  26. static int disable_nx __cpuinitdata;
  27. /*
  28. * noexec = on|off
  29. *
  30. * Control non-executable mappings for processes.
  31. *
  32. * on Enable
  33. * off Disable
  34. */
  35. static int __init noexec_setup(char *str)
  36. {
  37. if (!str)
  38. return -EINVAL;
  39. if (!strncmp(str, "on", 2)) {
  40. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
  41. disable_nx = 0;
  42. } else if (!strncmp(str, "off", 3)) {
  43. disable_nx = 1;
  44. __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
  45. }
  46. return 0;
  47. }
  48. early_param("noexec", noexec_setup);
  49. #endif
  50. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
  51. static void __init set_nx(void)
  52. {
  53. unsigned int v[4], l, h;
  54. if (cpu_has_pae && (cpuid_eax(0x80000000) > 0x80000001)) {
  55. cpuid(0x80000001, &v[0], &v[1], &v[2], &v[3]);
  56. if ((v[3] & (1 << 20)) && !disable_nx) {
  57. rdmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
  58. l |= EFER_NX;
  59. wrmsr(MSR_EFER, l, h);
  60. nx_enabled = 1;
  61. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_NX;
  62. }
  63. }
  64. }
  65. #else
  66. static inline void set_nx(void)
  67. {
  68. }
  69. #endif
  70. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  71. void __cpuinit check_efer(void)
  72. {
  73. unsigned long efer;
  74. rdmsrl(MSR_EFER, efer);
  75. if (!(efer & EFER_NX) || disable_nx)
  76. __supported_pte_mask &= ~_PAGE_NX;
  77. }
  78. #endif
  79. static void __init find_early_table_space(unsigned long end, int use_pse,
  80. int use_gbpages)
  81. {
  82. unsigned long puds, pmds, ptes, tables, start;
  83. puds = (end + PUD_SIZE - 1) >> PUD_SHIFT;
  84. tables = roundup(puds * sizeof(pud_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  85. if (use_gbpages) {
  86. unsigned long extra;
  87. extra = end - ((end>>PUD_SHIFT) << PUD_SHIFT);
  88. pmds = (extra + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
  89. } else
  90. pmds = (end + PMD_SIZE - 1) >> PMD_SHIFT;
  91. tables += roundup(pmds * sizeof(pmd_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  92. if (use_pse) {
  93. unsigned long extra;
  94. extra = end - ((end>>PMD_SHIFT) << PMD_SHIFT);
  95. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  96. extra += PMD_SIZE;
  97. #endif
  98. ptes = (extra + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  99. } else
  100. ptes = (end + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  101. tables += roundup(ptes * sizeof(pte_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  102. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  103. /* for fixmap */
  104. tables += roundup(__end_of_fixed_addresses * sizeof(pte_t), PAGE_SIZE);
  105. #endif
  106. /*
  107. * RED-PEN putting page tables only on node 0 could
  108. * cause a hotspot and fill up ZONE_DMA. The page tables
  109. * need roughly 0.5KB per GB.
  110. */
  111. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  112. start = 0x7000;
  113. #else
  114. start = 0x8000;
  115. #endif
  116. e820_table_start = find_e820_area(start, max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT,
  117. tables, PAGE_SIZE);
  118. if (e820_table_start == -1UL)
  119. panic("Cannot find space for the kernel page tables");
  120. e820_table_start >>= PAGE_SHIFT;
  121. e820_table_end = e820_table_start;
  122. e820_table_top = e820_table_start + (tables >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  123. printk(KERN_DEBUG "kernel direct mapping tables up to %lx @ %lx-%lx\n",
  124. end, e820_table_start << PAGE_SHIFT, e820_table_top << PAGE_SHIFT);
  125. }
  126. struct map_range {
  127. unsigned long start;
  128. unsigned long end;
  129. unsigned page_size_mask;
  130. };
  131. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  132. #define NR_RANGE_MR 3
  133. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  134. #define NR_RANGE_MR 5
  135. #endif
  136. static int __meminit save_mr(struct map_range *mr, int nr_range,
  137. unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn,
  138. unsigned long page_size_mask)
  139. {
  140. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  141. if (nr_range >= NR_RANGE_MR)
  142. panic("run out of range for init_memory_mapping\n");
  143. mr[nr_range].start = start_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
  144. mr[nr_range].end = end_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT;
  145. mr[nr_range].page_size_mask = page_size_mask;
  146. nr_range++;
  147. }
  148. return nr_range;
  149. }
  150. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  151. static void __init init_gbpages(void)
  152. {
  153. if (direct_gbpages && cpu_has_gbpages)
  154. printk(KERN_INFO "Using GB pages for direct mapping\n");
  155. else
  156. direct_gbpages = 0;
  157. }
  158. #else
  159. static inline void init_gbpages(void)
  160. {
  161. }
  162. #endif
  163. /*
  164. * Setup the direct mapping of the physical memory at PAGE_OFFSET.
  165. * This runs before bootmem is initialized and gets pages directly from
  166. * the physical memory. To access them they are temporarily mapped.
  167. */
  168. unsigned long __init_refok init_memory_mapping(unsigned long start,
  169. unsigned long end)
  170. {
  171. unsigned long page_size_mask = 0;
  172. unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
  173. unsigned long ret = 0;
  174. unsigned long pos;
  175. struct map_range mr[NR_RANGE_MR];
  176. int nr_range, i;
  177. int use_pse, use_gbpages;
  178. printk(KERN_INFO "init_memory_mapping: %016lx-%016lx\n", start, end);
  179. if (!after_bootmem)
  180. init_gbpages();
  181. #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
  182. /*
  183. * For CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, identity mapping will use small pages.
  184. * This will simplify cpa(), which otherwise needs to support splitting
  185. * large pages into small in interrupt context, etc.
  186. */
  187. use_pse = use_gbpages = 0;
  188. #else
  189. use_pse = cpu_has_pse;
  190. use_gbpages = direct_gbpages;
  191. #endif
  192. set_nx();
  193. if (nx_enabled)
  194. printk(KERN_INFO "NX (Execute Disable) protection: active\n");
  195. /* Enable PSE if available */
  196. if (cpu_has_pse)
  197. set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PSE);
  198. /* Enable PGE if available */
  199. if (cpu_has_pge) {
  200. set_in_cr4(X86_CR4_PGE);
  201. __supported_pte_mask |= _PAGE_GLOBAL;
  202. }
  203. if (use_gbpages)
  204. page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_1G;
  205. if (use_pse)
  206. page_size_mask |= 1 << PG_LEVEL_2M;
  207. memset(mr, 0, sizeof(mr));
  208. nr_range = 0;
  209. /* head if not big page alignment ? */
  210. start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  211. pos = start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  212. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  213. /*
  214. * Don't use a large page for the first 2/4MB of memory
  215. * because there are often fixed size MTRRs in there
  216. * and overlapping MTRRs into large pages can cause
  217. * slowdowns.
  218. */
  219. if (pos == 0)
  220. end_pfn = 1<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  221. else
  222. end_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  223. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  224. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  225. end_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1)) >> PMD_SHIFT)
  226. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  227. #endif
  228. if (end_pfn > (end >> PAGE_SHIFT))
  229. end_pfn = end >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  230. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  231. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);
  232. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  233. }
  234. /* big page (2M) range */
  235. start_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  236. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  237. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  238. end_pfn = (end>>PMD_SHIFT) << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  239. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  240. end_pfn = ((pos + (PUD_SIZE - 1))>>PUD_SHIFT)
  241. << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  242. if (end_pfn > ((end>>PMD_SHIFT)<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT)))
  243. end_pfn = ((end>>PMD_SHIFT)<<(PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT));
  244. #endif
  245. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  246. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  247. page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
  248. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  249. }
  250. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  251. /* big page (1G) range */
  252. start_pfn = ((pos + (PUD_SIZE - 1))>>PUD_SHIFT)
  253. << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  254. end_pfn = (end >> PUD_SHIFT) << (PUD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  255. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  256. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  257. page_size_mask &
  258. ((1<<PG_LEVEL_2M)|(1<<PG_LEVEL_1G)));
  259. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  260. }
  261. /* tail is not big page (1G) alignment */
  262. start_pfn = ((pos + (PMD_SIZE - 1))>>PMD_SHIFT)
  263. << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  264. end_pfn = (end >> PMD_SHIFT) << (PMD_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT);
  265. if (start_pfn < end_pfn) {
  266. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn,
  267. page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M));
  268. pos = end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
  269. }
  270. #endif
  271. /* tail is not big page (2M) alignment */
  272. start_pfn = pos>>PAGE_SHIFT;
  273. end_pfn = end>>PAGE_SHIFT;
  274. nr_range = save_mr(mr, nr_range, start_pfn, end_pfn, 0);
  275. /* try to merge same page size and continuous */
  276. for (i = 0; nr_range > 1 && i < nr_range - 1; i++) {
  277. unsigned long old_start;
  278. if (mr[i].end != mr[i+1].start ||
  279. mr[i].page_size_mask != mr[i+1].page_size_mask)
  280. continue;
  281. /* move it */
  282. old_start = mr[i].start;
  283. memmove(&mr[i], &mr[i+1],
  284. (nr_range - 1 - i) * sizeof(struct map_range));
  285. mr[i--].start = old_start;
  286. nr_range--;
  287. }
  288. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  289. printk(KERN_DEBUG " %010lx - %010lx page %s\n",
  290. mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  291. (mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_1G))?"1G":(
  292. (mr[i].page_size_mask & (1<<PG_LEVEL_2M))?"2M":"4k"));
  293. /*
  294. * Find space for the kernel direct mapping tables.
  295. *
  296. * Later we should allocate these tables in the local node of the
  297. * memory mapped. Unfortunately this is done currently before the
  298. * nodes are discovered.
  299. */
  300. if (!after_bootmem)
  301. find_early_table_space(end, use_pse, use_gbpages);
  302. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  303. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  304. kernel_physical_mapping_init(mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  305. mr[i].page_size_mask);
  306. ret = end;
  307. #else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
  308. for (i = 0; i < nr_range; i++)
  309. ret = kernel_physical_mapping_init(mr[i].start, mr[i].end,
  310. mr[i].page_size_mask);
  311. #endif
  312. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
  313. early_ioremap_page_table_range_init();
  314. load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
  315. #endif
  316. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  317. if (!after_bootmem && !start) {
  318. pud_t *pud;
  319. pmd_t *pmd;
  320. mmu_cr4_features = read_cr4();
  321. /*
  322. * _brk_end cannot change anymore, but it and _end may be
  323. * located on different 2M pages. cleanup_highmap(), however,
  324. * can only consider _end when it runs, so destroy any
  325. * mappings beyond _brk_end here.
  326. */
  327. pud = pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(_brk_end), _brk_end);
  328. pmd = pmd_offset(pud, _brk_end - 1);
  329. while (++pmd <= pmd_offset(pud, (unsigned long)_end - 1))
  330. pmd_clear(pmd);
  331. }
  332. #endif
  333. __flush_tlb_all();
  334. if (!after_bootmem && e820_table_end > e820_table_start)
  335. reserve_early(e820_table_start << PAGE_SHIFT,
  336. e820_table_end << PAGE_SHIFT, "PGTABLE");
  337. if (!after_bootmem)
  338. early_memtest(start, end);
  339. return ret >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  340. }
  341. /*
  342. * devmem_is_allowed() checks to see if /dev/mem access to a certain address
  343. * is valid. The argument is a physical page number.
  344. *
  345. *
  346. * On x86, access has to be given to the first megabyte of ram because that area
  347. * contains bios code and data regions used by X and dosemu and similar apps.
  348. * Access has to be given to non-kernel-ram areas as well, these contain the PCI
  349. * mmio resources as well as potential bios/acpi data regions.
  350. */
  351. int devmem_is_allowed(unsigned long pagenr)
  352. {
  353. if (pagenr <= 256)
  354. return 1;
  355. if (iomem_is_exclusive(pagenr << PAGE_SHIFT))
  356. return 0;
  357. if (!page_is_ram(pagenr))
  358. return 1;
  359. return 0;
  360. }
  361. void free_init_pages(char *what, unsigned long begin, unsigned long end)
  362. {
  363. unsigned long addr = begin;
  364. if (addr >= end)
  365. return;
  366. /*
  367. * If debugging page accesses then do not free this memory but
  368. * mark them not present - any buggy init-section access will
  369. * create a kernel page fault:
  370. */
  371. #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
  372. printk(KERN_INFO "debug: unmapping init memory %08lx..%08lx\n",
  373. begin, PAGE_ALIGN(end));
  374. set_memory_np(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  375. #else
  376. /*
  377. * We just marked the kernel text read only above, now that
  378. * we are going to free part of that, we need to make that
  379. * writeable first.
  380. */
  381. set_memory_rw(begin, (end - begin) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
  382. printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s: %luk freed\n", what, (end - begin) >> 10);
  383. for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
  384. ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(addr));
  385. init_page_count(virt_to_page(addr));
  386. memset((void *)(addr & ~(PAGE_SIZE-1)),
  387. POISON_FREE_INITMEM, PAGE_SIZE);
  388. free_page(addr);
  389. totalram_pages++;
  390. }
  391. #endif
  392. }
  393. void free_initmem(void)
  394. {
  395. free_init_pages("unused kernel memory",
  396. (unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
  397. (unsigned long)(&__init_end));
  398. }
  399. #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
  400. void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
  401. {
  402. free_init_pages("initrd memory", start, end);
  403. }
  404. #endif