paging_tmpl.h 13 KB

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  1. /*
  2. * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
  3. *
  4. * This module enables machines with Intel VT-x extensions to run virtual
  5. * machines without emulation or binary translation.
  6. *
  7. * MMU support
  8. *
  9. * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
  10. *
  11. * Authors:
  12. * Yaniv Kamay <yaniv@qumranet.com>
  13. * Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
  14. *
  15. * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2. See
  16. * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
  17. *
  18. */
  19. /*
  20. * We need the mmu code to access both 32-bit and 64-bit guest ptes,
  21. * so the code in this file is compiled twice, once per pte size.
  22. */
  23. #if PTTYPE == 64
  24. #define pt_element_t u64
  25. #define guest_walker guest_walker64
  26. #define FNAME(name) paging##64_##name
  27. #define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  28. #define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT64_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  29. #define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
  30. #define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
  31. #define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT64_LEVEL_MASK(level)
  32. #define PT_LEVEL_BITS PT64_LEVEL_BITS
  33. #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
  34. #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 4
  35. #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg
  36. #else
  37. #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg64
  38. #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
  39. #endif
  40. #elif PTTYPE == 32
  41. #define pt_element_t u32
  42. #define guest_walker guest_walker32
  43. #define FNAME(name) paging##32_##name
  44. #define PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  45. #define PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK PT32_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  46. #define PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT32_INDEX(addr, level)
  47. #define SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level) PT64_INDEX(addr, level)
  48. #define PT_LEVEL_MASK(level) PT32_LEVEL_MASK(level)
  49. #define PT_LEVEL_BITS PT32_LEVEL_BITS
  50. #define PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS 2
  51. #define CMPXCHG cmpxchg
  52. #else
  53. #error Invalid PTTYPE value
  54. #endif
  55. #define gpte_to_gfn FNAME(gpte_to_gfn)
  56. #define gpte_to_gfn_pde FNAME(gpte_to_gfn_pde)
  57. /*
  58. * The guest_walker structure emulates the behavior of the hardware page
  59. * table walker.
  60. */
  61. struct guest_walker {
  62. int level;
  63. gfn_t table_gfn[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
  64. pt_element_t ptes[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
  65. gpa_t pte_gpa[PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS];
  66. unsigned pt_access;
  67. unsigned pte_access;
  68. gfn_t gfn;
  69. u32 error_code;
  70. };
  71. static gfn_t gpte_to_gfn(pt_element_t gpte)
  72. {
  73. return (gpte & PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  74. }
  75. static gfn_t gpte_to_gfn_pde(pt_element_t gpte)
  76. {
  77. return (gpte & PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
  78. }
  79. static bool FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(struct kvm *kvm,
  80. gfn_t table_gfn, unsigned index,
  81. pt_element_t orig_pte, pt_element_t new_pte)
  82. {
  83. pt_element_t ret;
  84. pt_element_t *table;
  85. struct page *page;
  86. down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
  87. page = gfn_to_page(kvm, table_gfn);
  88. up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
  89. table = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
  90. ret = CMPXCHG(&table[index], orig_pte, new_pte);
  91. kunmap_atomic(table, KM_USER0);
  92. kvm_release_page_dirty(page);
  93. return (ret != orig_pte);
  94. }
  95. static unsigned FNAME(gpte_access)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, pt_element_t gpte)
  96. {
  97. unsigned access;
  98. access = (gpte & (PT_WRITABLE_MASK | PT_USER_MASK)) | ACC_EXEC_MASK;
  99. #if PTTYPE == 64
  100. if (is_nx(vcpu))
  101. access &= ~(gpte >> PT64_NX_SHIFT);
  102. #endif
  103. return access;
  104. }
  105. /*
  106. * Fetch a guest pte for a guest virtual address
  107. */
  108. static int FNAME(walk_addr)(struct guest_walker *walker,
  109. struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
  110. int write_fault, int user_fault, int fetch_fault)
  111. {
  112. pt_element_t pte;
  113. gfn_t table_gfn;
  114. unsigned index, pt_access, pte_access;
  115. gpa_t pte_gpa;
  116. pgprintk("%s: addr %lx\n", __func__, addr);
  117. walk:
  118. walker->level = vcpu->arch.mmu.root_level;
  119. pte = vcpu->arch.cr3;
  120. #if PTTYPE == 64
  121. if (!is_long_mode(vcpu)) {
  122. pte = vcpu->arch.pdptrs[(addr >> 30) & 3];
  123. if (!is_present_pte(pte))
  124. goto not_present;
  125. --walker->level;
  126. }
  127. #endif
  128. ASSERT((!is_long_mode(vcpu) && is_pae(vcpu)) ||
  129. (vcpu->arch.cr3 & CR3_NONPAE_RESERVED_BITS) == 0);
  130. pt_access = ACC_ALL;
  131. for (;;) {
  132. index = PT_INDEX(addr, walker->level);
  133. table_gfn = gpte_to_gfn(pte);
  134. pte_gpa = gfn_to_gpa(table_gfn);
  135. pte_gpa += index * sizeof(pt_element_t);
  136. walker->table_gfn[walker->level - 1] = table_gfn;
  137. walker->pte_gpa[walker->level - 1] = pte_gpa;
  138. pgprintk("%s: table_gfn[%d] %lx\n", __func__,
  139. walker->level - 1, table_gfn);
  140. kvm_read_guest(vcpu->kvm, pte_gpa, &pte, sizeof(pte));
  141. if (!is_present_pte(pte))
  142. goto not_present;
  143. if (write_fault && !is_writeble_pte(pte))
  144. if (user_fault || is_write_protection(vcpu))
  145. goto access_error;
  146. if (user_fault && !(pte & PT_USER_MASK))
  147. goto access_error;
  148. #if PTTYPE == 64
  149. if (fetch_fault && is_nx(vcpu) && (pte & PT64_NX_MASK))
  150. goto access_error;
  151. #endif
  152. if (!(pte & PT_ACCESSED_MASK)) {
  153. mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
  154. if (FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn,
  155. index, pte, pte|PT_ACCESSED_MASK))
  156. goto walk;
  157. pte |= PT_ACCESSED_MASK;
  158. }
  159. pte_access = pt_access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, pte);
  160. walker->ptes[walker->level - 1] = pte;
  161. if (walker->level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL) {
  162. walker->gfn = gpte_to_gfn(pte);
  163. break;
  164. }
  165. if (walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL
  166. && (pte & PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK)
  167. && (PTTYPE == 64 || is_pse(vcpu))) {
  168. walker->gfn = gpte_to_gfn_pde(pte);
  169. walker->gfn += PT_INDEX(addr, PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL);
  170. if (PTTYPE == 32 && is_cpuid_PSE36())
  171. walker->gfn += pse36_gfn_delta(pte);
  172. break;
  173. }
  174. pt_access = pte_access;
  175. --walker->level;
  176. }
  177. if (write_fault && !is_dirty_pte(pte)) {
  178. bool ret;
  179. mark_page_dirty(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn);
  180. ret = FNAME(cmpxchg_gpte)(vcpu->kvm, table_gfn, index, pte,
  181. pte|PT_DIRTY_MASK);
  182. if (ret)
  183. goto walk;
  184. pte |= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
  185. kvm_mmu_pte_write(vcpu, pte_gpa, (u8 *)&pte, sizeof(pte));
  186. walker->ptes[walker->level - 1] = pte;
  187. }
  188. walker->pt_access = pt_access;
  189. walker->pte_access = pte_access;
  190. pgprintk("%s: pte %llx pte_access %x pt_access %x\n",
  191. __func__, (u64)pte, pt_access, pte_access);
  192. return 1;
  193. not_present:
  194. walker->error_code = 0;
  195. goto err;
  196. access_error:
  197. walker->error_code = PFERR_PRESENT_MASK;
  198. err:
  199. if (write_fault)
  200. walker->error_code |= PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
  201. if (user_fault)
  202. walker->error_code |= PFERR_USER_MASK;
  203. if (fetch_fault)
  204. walker->error_code |= PFERR_FETCH_MASK;
  205. return 0;
  206. }
  207. static void FNAME(update_pte)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *page,
  208. u64 *spte, const void *pte)
  209. {
  210. pt_element_t gpte;
  211. unsigned pte_access;
  212. pfn_t pfn;
  213. int largepage = vcpu->arch.update_pte.largepage;
  214. gpte = *(const pt_element_t *)pte;
  215. if (~gpte & (PT_PRESENT_MASK | PT_ACCESSED_MASK)) {
  216. if (!is_present_pte(gpte))
  217. set_shadow_pte(spte, shadow_notrap_nonpresent_pte);
  218. return;
  219. }
  220. pgprintk("%s: gpte %llx spte %p\n", __func__, (u64)gpte, spte);
  221. pte_access = page->role.access & FNAME(gpte_access)(vcpu, gpte);
  222. if (gpte_to_gfn(gpte) != vcpu->arch.update_pte.gfn)
  223. return;
  224. pfn = vcpu->arch.update_pte.pfn;
  225. if (is_error_pfn(pfn))
  226. return;
  227. kvm_get_pfn(pfn);
  228. mmu_set_spte(vcpu, spte, page->role.access, pte_access, 0, 0,
  229. gpte & PT_DIRTY_MASK, NULL, largepage, gpte_to_gfn(gpte),
  230. pfn, true);
  231. }
  232. /*
  233. * Fetch a shadow pte for a specific level in the paging hierarchy.
  234. */
  235. static u64 *FNAME(fetch)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
  236. struct guest_walker *walker,
  237. int user_fault, int write_fault, int largepage,
  238. int *ptwrite, pfn_t pfn)
  239. {
  240. hpa_t shadow_addr;
  241. int level;
  242. u64 *shadow_ent;
  243. unsigned access = walker->pt_access;
  244. if (!is_present_pte(walker->ptes[walker->level - 1]))
  245. return NULL;
  246. shadow_addr = vcpu->arch.mmu.root_hpa;
  247. level = vcpu->arch.mmu.shadow_root_level;
  248. if (level == PT32E_ROOT_LEVEL) {
  249. shadow_addr = vcpu->arch.mmu.pae_root[(addr >> 30) & 3];
  250. shadow_addr &= PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
  251. --level;
  252. }
  253. for (; ; level--) {
  254. u32 index = SHADOW_PT_INDEX(addr, level);
  255. struct kvm_mmu_page *shadow_page;
  256. u64 shadow_pte;
  257. int metaphysical;
  258. gfn_t table_gfn;
  259. shadow_ent = ((u64 *)__va(shadow_addr)) + index;
  260. if (level == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)
  261. break;
  262. if (largepage && level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL)
  263. break;
  264. if (is_shadow_present_pte(*shadow_ent)
  265. && !is_large_pte(*shadow_ent)) {
  266. shadow_addr = *shadow_ent & PT64_BASE_ADDR_MASK;
  267. continue;
  268. }
  269. if (is_large_pte(*shadow_ent))
  270. rmap_remove(vcpu->kvm, shadow_ent);
  271. if (level - 1 == PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL
  272. && walker->level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
  273. metaphysical = 1;
  274. if (!is_dirty_pte(walker->ptes[level - 1]))
  275. access &= ~ACC_WRITE_MASK;
  276. table_gfn = gpte_to_gfn(walker->ptes[level - 1]);
  277. } else {
  278. metaphysical = 0;
  279. table_gfn = walker->table_gfn[level - 2];
  280. }
  281. shadow_page = kvm_mmu_get_page(vcpu, table_gfn, addr, level-1,
  282. metaphysical, access,
  283. shadow_ent);
  284. if (!metaphysical) {
  285. int r;
  286. pt_element_t curr_pte;
  287. r = kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm,
  288. walker->pte_gpa[level - 2],
  289. &curr_pte, sizeof(curr_pte));
  290. if (r || curr_pte != walker->ptes[level - 2]) {
  291. kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
  292. return NULL;
  293. }
  294. }
  295. shadow_addr = __pa(shadow_page->spt);
  296. shadow_pte = shadow_addr | PT_PRESENT_MASK | PT_ACCESSED_MASK
  297. | PT_WRITABLE_MASK | PT_USER_MASK;
  298. *shadow_ent = shadow_pte;
  299. }
  300. mmu_set_spte(vcpu, shadow_ent, access, walker->pte_access & access,
  301. user_fault, write_fault,
  302. walker->ptes[walker->level-1] & PT_DIRTY_MASK,
  303. ptwrite, largepage, walker->gfn, pfn, false);
  304. return shadow_ent;
  305. }
  306. /*
  307. * Page fault handler. There are several causes for a page fault:
  308. * - there is no shadow pte for the guest pte
  309. * - write access through a shadow pte marked read only so that we can set
  310. * the dirty bit
  311. * - write access to a shadow pte marked read only so we can update the page
  312. * dirty bitmap, when userspace requests it
  313. * - mmio access; in this case we will never install a present shadow pte
  314. * - normal guest page fault due to the guest pte marked not present, not
  315. * writable, or not executable
  316. *
  317. * Returns: 1 if we need to emulate the instruction, 0 otherwise, or
  318. * a negative value on error.
  319. */
  320. static int FNAME(page_fault)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t addr,
  321. u32 error_code)
  322. {
  323. int write_fault = error_code & PFERR_WRITE_MASK;
  324. int user_fault = error_code & PFERR_USER_MASK;
  325. int fetch_fault = error_code & PFERR_FETCH_MASK;
  326. struct guest_walker walker;
  327. u64 *shadow_pte;
  328. int write_pt = 0;
  329. int r;
  330. pfn_t pfn;
  331. int largepage = 0;
  332. pgprintk("%s: addr %lx err %x\n", __func__, addr, error_code);
  333. kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "pre page fault");
  334. r = mmu_topup_memory_caches(vcpu);
  335. if (r)
  336. return r;
  337. /*
  338. * Look up the shadow pte for the faulting address.
  339. */
  340. r = FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, addr, write_fault, user_fault,
  341. fetch_fault);
  342. /*
  343. * The page is not mapped by the guest. Let the guest handle it.
  344. */
  345. if (!r) {
  346. pgprintk("%s: guest page fault\n", __func__);
  347. inject_page_fault(vcpu, addr, walker.error_code);
  348. vcpu->arch.last_pt_write_count = 0; /* reset fork detector */
  349. return 0;
  350. }
  351. down_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
  352. if (walker.level == PT_DIRECTORY_LEVEL) {
  353. gfn_t large_gfn;
  354. large_gfn = walker.gfn & ~(KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE-1);
  355. if (is_largepage_backed(vcpu, large_gfn)) {
  356. walker.gfn = large_gfn;
  357. largepage = 1;
  358. }
  359. }
  360. pfn = gfn_to_pfn(vcpu->kvm, walker.gfn);
  361. up_read(&current->mm->mmap_sem);
  362. /* mmio */
  363. if (is_error_pfn(pfn)) {
  364. pgprintk("gfn %lx is mmio\n", walker.gfn);
  365. kvm_release_pfn_clean(pfn);
  366. return 1;
  367. }
  368. spin_lock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);
  369. kvm_mmu_free_some_pages(vcpu);
  370. shadow_pte = FNAME(fetch)(vcpu, addr, &walker, user_fault, write_fault,
  371. largepage, &write_pt, pfn);
  372. pgprintk("%s: shadow pte %p %llx ptwrite %d\n", __func__,
  373. shadow_pte, *shadow_pte, write_pt);
  374. if (!write_pt)
  375. vcpu->arch.last_pt_write_count = 0; /* reset fork detector */
  376. ++vcpu->stat.pf_fixed;
  377. kvm_mmu_audit(vcpu, "post page fault (fixed)");
  378. spin_unlock(&vcpu->kvm->mmu_lock);
  379. return write_pt;
  380. }
  381. static gpa_t FNAME(gva_to_gpa)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, gva_t vaddr)
  382. {
  383. struct guest_walker walker;
  384. gpa_t gpa = UNMAPPED_GVA;
  385. int r;
  386. r = FNAME(walk_addr)(&walker, vcpu, vaddr, 0, 0, 0);
  387. if (r) {
  388. gpa = gfn_to_gpa(walker.gfn);
  389. gpa |= vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK;
  390. }
  391. return gpa;
  392. }
  393. static void FNAME(prefetch_page)(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
  394. struct kvm_mmu_page *sp)
  395. {
  396. int i, offset = 0, r = 0;
  397. pt_element_t pt;
  398. if (sp->role.metaphysical
  399. || (PTTYPE == 32 && sp->role.level > PT_PAGE_TABLE_LEVEL)) {
  400. nonpaging_prefetch_page(vcpu, sp);
  401. return;
  402. }
  403. if (PTTYPE == 32)
  404. offset = sp->role.quadrant << PT64_LEVEL_BITS;
  405. for (i = 0; i < PT64_ENT_PER_PAGE; ++i) {
  406. gpa_t pte_gpa = gfn_to_gpa(sp->gfn);
  407. pte_gpa += (i+offset) * sizeof(pt_element_t);
  408. r = kvm_read_guest_atomic(vcpu->kvm, pte_gpa, &pt,
  409. sizeof(pt_element_t));
  410. if (r || is_present_pte(pt))
  411. sp->spt[i] = shadow_trap_nonpresent_pte;
  412. else
  413. sp->spt[i] = shadow_notrap_nonpresent_pte;
  414. }
  415. }
  416. #undef pt_element_t
  417. #undef guest_walker
  418. #undef FNAME
  419. #undef PT_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  420. #undef PT_INDEX
  421. #undef SHADOW_PT_INDEX
  422. #undef PT_LEVEL_MASK
  423. #undef PT_DIR_BASE_ADDR_MASK
  424. #undef PT_LEVEL_BITS
  425. #undef PT_MAX_FULL_LEVELS
  426. #undef gpte_to_gfn
  427. #undef gpte_to_gfn_pde
  428. #undef CMPXCHG