Merge branch 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4

* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4:
  ext4: extent macros cleanup
  Fix compilation with EXT_DEBUG, also fix leXX_to_cpu conversions.
  ext4: remove extra IS_RDONLY() check
  ext4: Use is_power_of_2()
  Use zero_user_page() in ext4 where possible
  ext4: Remove 65000 subdirectory limit
  ext4: Expand extra_inodes space per the s_{want,min}_extra_isize fields 
  ext4: Add nanosecond timestamps
  jbd2: Move jbd2-debug file to debugfs
  jbd2: Fix CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG ifdef to be CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
  ext4: Set the journal JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT on large devices
  ext4: Make extents code sanely handle on-disk corruption
  ext4: copy i_flags to inode flags on write
  ext4: Enable extents by default
  Change on-disk format to support 2^15 uninitialized extents
  write support for preallocated blocks
  fallocate support in ext4
  sys_fallocate() implementation on i386, x86_64 and powerpc

arch/i386/kernel/syscall_table.S

@@ -323,3 +323,4 @@ ENTRY(sys_call_table)
 	.long sys_signalfd
 	.long sys_timerfd
 	.long sys_eventfd
+	.long sys_fallocate

arch/powerpc/kernel/sys_ppc32.c

@@ -773,6 +773,13 @@ asmlinkage int compat_sys_truncate64(const char __user * path, u32 reg4,
 	return sys_truncate(path, (high << 32) | low);
 }
 
+asmlinkage long compat_sys_fallocate(int fd, int mode, u32 offhi, u32 offlo,
+				     u32 lenhi, u32 lenlo)
+{
+	return sys_fallocate(fd, mode, ((loff_t)offhi << 32) | offlo,
+			     ((loff_t)lenhi << 32) | lenlo);
+}
+
 asmlinkage int compat_sys_ftruncate64(unsigned int fd, u32 reg4, unsigned long high,
 				 unsigned long low)
 {

arch/x86_64/ia32/ia32entry.S

@@ -719,4 +719,5 @@ ia32_sys_call_table:
 	.quad compat_sys_signalfd
 	.quad compat_sys_timerfd
 	.quad sys_eventfd
+	.quad sys32_fallocate
 ia32_syscall_end:

arch/x86_64/ia32/sys_ia32.c

@@ -879,3 +879,11 @@ asmlinkage long sys32_fadvise64(int fd, unsigned offset_lo, unsigned offset_hi,
 	return sys_fadvise64_64(fd, ((u64)offset_hi << 32) | offset_lo,
 				len, advice);
 }
+
+asmlinkage long sys32_fallocate(int fd, int mode, unsigned offset_lo,
+				unsigned offset_hi, unsigned len_lo,
+				unsigned len_hi)
+{
+	return sys_fallocate(fd, mode, ((u64)offset_hi << 32) | offset_lo,
+			     ((u64)len_hi << 32) | len_lo);
+}

fs/Kconfig

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ config JBD2
 
 config JBD2_DEBUG
 	bool "JBD2 (ext4dev/ext4) debugging support"
-	depends on JBD2
+	depends on JBD2 && DEBUG_FS
 	help
 	  If you are using the ext4dev/ext4 journaled file system (or
 	  potentially any other filesystem/device using JBD2), this option
@@ -260,10 +260,10 @@ config JBD2_DEBUG
 	  By default, the debugging output will be turned off.
 
 	  If you select Y here, then you will be able to turn on debugging
-	  with "echo N > /proc/sys/fs/jbd2-debug", where N is a number between
-	  1 and 5. The higher the number, the more debugging output is
-	  generated.  To turn debugging off again, do
-	  "echo 0 > /proc/sys/fs/jbd2-debug".
+	  with "echo N > /sys/kernel/debug/jbd2/jbd2-debug", where N is a
+	  number between 1 and 5. The higher the number, the more debugging
+	  output is generated.  To turn debugging off again, do
+	  "echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/jbd2/jbd2-debug".
 
 config FS_MBCACHE
 # Meta block cache for Extended Attributes (ext2/ext3/ext4)

fs/ext4/balloc.c

@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ do_more:
 		/*
 		 * An HJ special.  This is expensive...
 		 */
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 		jbd_unlock_bh_state(bitmap_bh);
 		{
 			struct buffer_head *debug_bh;
@@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ allocated:
 
 	performed_allocation = 1;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	{
 		struct buffer_head *debug_bh;
 

fs/ext4/file.c

@@ -134,5 +134,6 @@ const struct inode_operations ext4_file_inode_operations = {
 	.removexattr	= generic_removexattr,
 #endif
 	.permission	= ext4_permission,
+	.fallocate	= ext4_fallocate,
 };
 

fs/ext4/ialloc.c

@@ -563,7 +563,8 @@ got:
 	inode->i_ino = ino;
 	/* This is the optimal IO size (for stat), not the fs block size */
 	inode->i_blocks = 0;
-	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = ei->i_crtime =
+						       ext4_current_time(inode);
 
 	memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
 	ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
@@ -595,9 +596,8 @@ got:
 	spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
 
 	ei->i_state = EXT4_STATE_NEW;
-	ei->i_extra_isize =
-		(EXT4_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb) > EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) ?
-		sizeof(struct ext4_inode) - EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE : 0;
+
+	ei->i_extra_isize = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_want_extra_isize;
 
 	ret = inode;
 	if(DQUOT_ALLOC_INODE(inode)) {

fs/ext4/inode.c

@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ static int ext4_splice_branch(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 
 	/* We are done with atomic stuff, now do the rest of housekeeping */
 
-	inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
 
 	/* had we spliced it onto indirect block? */
@@ -1766,7 +1766,6 @@ int ext4_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle, struct page *page,
 	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 	struct buffer_head *bh;
 	int err = 0;
-	void *kaddr;
 
 	blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
 	length = blocksize - (offset & (blocksize - 1));
@@ -1778,10 +1777,7 @@ int ext4_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle, struct page *page,
 	 */
 	if (!page_has_buffers(page) && test_opt(inode->i_sb, NOBH) &&
 	     ext4_should_writeback_data(inode) && PageUptodate(page)) {
-		kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
-		memset(kaddr + offset, 0, length);
-		flush_dcache_page(page);
-		kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
+		zero_user_page(page, offset, length, KM_USER0);
 		set_page_dirty(page);
 		goto unlock;
 	}
@@ -1834,10 +1830,7 @@ int ext4_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle, struct page *page,
 			goto unlock;
 	}
 
-	kaddr = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0);
-	memset(kaddr + offset, 0, length);
-	flush_dcache_page(page);
-	kunmap_atomic(kaddr, KM_USER0);
+	zero_user_page(page, offset, length, KM_USER0);
 
 	BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "zeroed end of block");
 
@@ -2375,7 +2368,7 @@ do_indirects:
 	ext4_discard_reservation(inode);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&ei->truncate_mutex);
-	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
 
 	/*
@@ -2583,6 +2576,25 @@ void ext4_set_inode_flags(struct inode *inode)
 		inode->i_flags |= S_DIRSYNC;
 }
 
+/* Propagate flags from i_flags to EXT4_I(inode)->i_flags */
+void ext4_get_inode_flags(struct ext4_inode_info *ei)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = ei->vfs_inode.i_flags;
+
+	ei->i_flags &= ~(EXT4_SYNC_FL|EXT4_APPEND_FL|
+			EXT4_IMMUTABLE_FL|EXT4_NOATIME_FL|EXT4_DIRSYNC_FL);
+	if (flags & S_SYNC)
+		ei->i_flags |= EXT4_SYNC_FL;
+	if (flags & S_APPEND)
+		ei->i_flags |= EXT4_APPEND_FL;
+	if (flags & S_IMMUTABLE)
+		ei->i_flags |= EXT4_IMMUTABLE_FL;
+	if (flags & S_NOATIME)
+		ei->i_flags |= EXT4_NOATIME_FL;
+	if (flags & S_DIRSYNC)
+		ei->i_flags |= EXT4_DIRSYNC_FL;
+}
+
 void ext4_read_inode(struct inode * inode)
 {
 	struct ext4_iloc iloc;
@@ -2610,10 +2622,6 @@ void ext4_read_inode(struct inode * inode)
 	}
 	inode->i_nlink = le16_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_links_count);
 	inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_size);
-	inode->i_atime.tv_sec = (signed)le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_atime);
-	inode->i_ctime.tv_sec = (signed)le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_ctime);
-	inode->i_mtime.tv_sec = (signed)le32_to_cpu(raw_inode->i_mtime);
-	inode->i_atime.tv_nsec = inode->i_ctime.tv_nsec = inode->i_mtime.tv_nsec = 0;
 
 	ei->i_state = 0;
 	ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
@@ -2691,6 +2699,11 @@ void ext4_read_inode(struct inode * inode)
 	} else
 		ei->i_extra_isize = 0;
 
+	EXT4_INODE_GET_XTIME(i_ctime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_INODE_GET_XTIME(i_mtime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_INODE_GET_XTIME(i_atime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_EINODE_GET_XTIME(i_crtime, ei, raw_inode);
+
 	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
 		inode->i_op = &ext4_file_inode_operations;
 		inode->i_fop = &ext4_file_operations;
@@ -2744,6 +2757,7 @@ static int ext4_do_update_inode(handle_t *handle,
 	if (ei->i_state & EXT4_STATE_NEW)
 		memset(raw_inode, 0, EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_inode_size);
 
+	ext4_get_inode_flags(ei);
 	raw_inode->i_mode = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_mode);
 	if(!(test_opt(inode->i_sb, NO_UID32))) {
 		raw_inode->i_uid_low = cpu_to_le16(low_16_bits(inode->i_uid));
@@ -2771,9 +2785,12 @@ static int ext4_do_update_inode(handle_t *handle,
 	}
 	raw_inode->i_links_count = cpu_to_le16(inode->i_nlink);
 	raw_inode->i_size = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_disksize);
-	raw_inode->i_atime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_atime.tv_sec);
-	raw_inode->i_ctime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_ctime.tv_sec);
-	raw_inode->i_mtime = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_mtime.tv_sec);
+
+	EXT4_INODE_SET_XTIME(i_ctime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_INODE_SET_XTIME(i_mtime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_INODE_SET_XTIME(i_atime, inode, raw_inode);
+	EXT4_EINODE_SET_XTIME(i_crtime, ei, raw_inode);
+
 	raw_inode->i_blocks = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_blocks);
 	raw_inode->i_dtime = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_dtime);
 	raw_inode->i_flags = cpu_to_le32(ei->i_flags);
@@ -3081,6 +3098,39 @@ ext4_reserve_inode_write(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 	return err;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Expand an inode by new_extra_isize bytes.
+ * Returns 0 on success or negative error number on failure.
+ */
+int ext4_expand_extra_isize(struct inode *inode, unsigned int new_extra_isize,
+			struct ext4_iloc iloc, handle_t *handle)
+{
+	struct ext4_inode *raw_inode;
+	struct ext4_xattr_ibody_header *header;
+	struct ext4_xattr_entry *entry;
+
+	if (EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize >= new_extra_isize)
+		return 0;
+
+	raw_inode = ext4_raw_inode(&iloc);
+
+	header = IHDR(inode, raw_inode);
+	entry = IFIRST(header);
+
+	/* No extended attributes present */
+	if (!(EXT4_I(inode)->i_state & EXT4_STATE_XATTR) ||
+		header->h_magic != cpu_to_le32(EXT4_XATTR_MAGIC)) {
+		memset((void *)raw_inode + EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE, 0,
+			new_extra_isize);
+		EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize = new_extra_isize;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* try to expand with EAs present */
+	return ext4_expand_extra_isize_ea(inode, new_extra_isize,
+					  raw_inode, handle);
+}
+
 /*
  * What we do here is to mark the in-core inode as clean with respect to inode
  * dirtiness (it may still be data-dirty).
@@ -3105,10 +3155,38 @@ ext4_reserve_inode_write(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 int ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct ext4_iloc iloc;
-	int err;
+	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb);
+	static unsigned int mnt_count;
+	int err, ret;
 
 	might_sleep();
 	err = ext4_reserve_inode_write(handle, inode, &iloc);
+	if (EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize < sbi->s_want_extra_isize &&
+	    !(EXT4_I(inode)->i_state & EXT4_STATE_NO_EXPAND)) {
+		/*
+		 * We need extra buffer credits since we may write into EA block
+		 * with this same handle. If journal_extend fails, then it will
+		 * only result in a minor loss of functionality for that inode.
+		 * If this is felt to be critical, then e2fsck should be run to
+		 * force a large enough s_min_extra_isize.
+		 */
+		if ((jbd2_journal_extend(handle,
+			     EXT4_DATA_TRANS_BLOCKS(inode->i_sb))) == 0) {
+			ret = ext4_expand_extra_isize(inode,
+						      sbi->s_want_extra_isize,
+						      iloc, handle);
+			if (ret) {
+				EXT4_I(inode)->i_state |= EXT4_STATE_NO_EXPAND;
+				if (mnt_count != sbi->s_es->s_mnt_count) {
+					ext4_warning(inode->i_sb, __FUNCTION__,
+					"Unable to expand inode %lu. Delete"
+					" some EAs or run e2fsck.",
+					inode->i_ino);
+					mnt_count = sbi->s_es->s_mnt_count;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if (!err)
 		err = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &iloc);
 	return err;
@@ -3197,7 +3275,7 @@ int ext4_change_inode_journal_flag(struct inode *inode, int val)
 	 */
 
 	journal = EXT4_JOURNAL(inode);
-	if (is_journal_aborted(journal) || IS_RDONLY(inode))
+	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
 		return -EROFS;
 
 	jbd2_journal_lock_updates(journal);

fs/ext4/ioctl.c

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ int ext4_ioctl (struct inode * inode, struct file * filp, unsigned int cmd,
 
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case EXT4_IOC_GETFLAGS:
+		ext4_get_inode_flags(ei);
 		flags = ei->i_flags & EXT4_FL_USER_VISIBLE;
 		return put_user(flags, (int __user *) arg);
 	case EXT4_IOC_SETFLAGS: {
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ int ext4_ioctl (struct inode * inode, struct file * filp, unsigned int cmd,
 		ei->i_flags = flags;
 
 		ext4_set_inode_flags(inode);
-		inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+		inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 
 		err = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &iloc);
 flags_err:
@@ -133,14 +134,14 @@ flags_err:
 			return PTR_ERR(handle);
 		err = ext4_reserve_inode_write(handle, inode, &iloc);
 		if (err == 0) {
-			inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+			inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 			inode->i_generation = generation;
 			err = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &iloc);
 		}
 		ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 		return err;
 	}
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	case EXT4_IOC_WAIT_FOR_READONLY:
 		/*
 		 * This is racy - by the time we're woken up and running,
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ long ext4_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 	case EXT4_IOC32_SETVERSION_OLD:
 		cmd = EXT4_IOC_SETVERSION_OLD;
 		break;
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	case EXT4_IOC32_WAIT_FOR_READONLY:
 		cmd = EXT4_IOC_WAIT_FOR_READONLY;
 		break;

fs/ext4/namei.c

@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ static int add_dirent_to_buf(handle_t *handle, struct dentry *dentry,
 	 * happen is that the times are slightly out of date
 	 * and/or different from the directory change time.
 	 */
-	dir->i_mtime = dir->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	dir->i_mtime = dir->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(dir);
 	ext4_update_dx_flag(dir);
 	dir->i_version++;
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, dir);
@@ -1629,6 +1629,35 @@ static int ext4_delete_entry (handle_t *handle,
 	return -ENOENT;
 }
 
+/*
+ * DIR_NLINK feature is set if 1) nlinks > EXT4_LINK_MAX or 2) nlinks == 2,
+ * since this indicates that nlinks count was previously 1.
+ */
+static void ext4_inc_count(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	inc_nlink(inode);
+	if (is_dx(inode) && inode->i_nlink > 1) {
+		/* limit is 16-bit i_links_count */
+		if (inode->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX || inode->i_nlink == 2) {
+			inode->i_nlink = 1;
+			EXT4_SET_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(inode->i_sb,
+					      EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * If a directory had nlink == 1, then we should let it be 1. This indicates
+ * directory has >EXT4_LINK_MAX subdirs.
+ */
+static void ext4_dec_count(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode)
+{
+	drop_nlink(inode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_nlink == 0)
+		inc_nlink(inode);
+}
+
+
 static int ext4_add_nondir(handle_t *handle,
 		struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode)
 {
@@ -1725,7 +1754,7 @@ static int ext4_mkdir(struct inode * dir, struct dentry * dentry, int mode)
 	struct ext4_dir_entry_2 * de;
 	int err, retries = 0;
 
-	if (dir->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX)
+	if (EXT4_DIR_LINK_MAX(dir))
 		return -EMLINK;
 
 retry:
@@ -1748,7 +1777,7 @@ retry:
 	inode->i_size = EXT4_I(inode)->i_disksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
 	dir_block = ext4_bread (handle, inode, 0, 1, &err);
 	if (!dir_block) {
-		drop_nlink(inode); /* is this nlink == 0? */
+		ext4_dec_count(handle, inode); /* is this nlink == 0? */
 		ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
 		iput (inode);
 		goto out_stop;
@@ -1780,7 +1809,7 @@ retry:
 		iput (inode);
 		goto out_stop;
 	}
-	inc_nlink(dir);
+	ext4_inc_count(handle, dir);
 	ext4_update_dx_flag(dir);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, dir);
 	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
@@ -2045,9 +2074,9 @@ static int ext4_rmdir (struct inode * dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	retval = ext4_delete_entry(handle, dir, de, bh);
 	if (retval)
 		goto end_rmdir;
-	if (inode->i_nlink != 2)
+	if (!EXT4_DIR_LINK_EMPTY(inode))
 		ext4_warning (inode->i_sb, "ext4_rmdir",
-			      "empty directory has nlink!=2 (%d)",
+			      "empty directory has too many links (%d)",
 			      inode->i_nlink);
 	inode->i_version++;
 	clear_nlink(inode);
@@ -2056,9 +2085,9 @@ static int ext4_rmdir (struct inode * dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	 * recovery. */
 	inode->i_size = 0;
 	ext4_orphan_add(handle, inode);
-	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
-	drop_nlink(dir);
+	ext4_dec_count(handle, dir);
 	ext4_update_dx_flag(dir);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, dir);
 
@@ -2106,13 +2135,13 @@ static int ext4_unlink(struct inode * dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 	retval = ext4_delete_entry(handle, dir, de, bh);
 	if (retval)
 		goto end_unlink;
-	dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	dir->i_ctime = dir->i_mtime = ext4_current_time(dir);
 	ext4_update_dx_flag(dir);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, dir);
-	drop_nlink(inode);
+	ext4_dec_count(handle, inode);
 	if (!inode->i_nlink)
 		ext4_orphan_add(handle, inode);
-	inode->i_ctime = dir->i_ctime;
+	inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
 	retval = 0;
 
@@ -2159,7 +2188,7 @@ retry:
 		err = __page_symlink(inode, symname, l,
 				mapping_gfp_mask(inode->i_mapping) & ~__GFP_FS);
 		if (err) {
-			drop_nlink(inode);
+			ext4_dec_count(handle, inode);
 			ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
 			iput (inode);
 			goto out_stop;
@@ -2185,8 +2214,9 @@ static int ext4_link (struct dentry * old_dentry,
 	struct inode *inode = old_dentry->d_inode;
 	int err, retries = 0;
 
-	if (inode->i_nlink >= EXT4_LINK_MAX)
+	if (EXT4_DIR_LINK_MAX(inode))
 		return -EMLINK;
+
 	/*
 	 * Return -ENOENT if we've raced with unlink and i_nlink is 0.  Doing
 	 * otherwise has the potential to corrupt the orphan inode list.
@@ -2203,8 +2233,8 @@ retry:
 	if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
 		handle->h_sync = 1;
 
-	inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
-	inc_nlink(inode);
+	inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
+	ext4_inc_count(handle, inode);
 	atomic_inc(&inode->i_count);
 
 	err = ext4_add_nondir(handle, dentry, inode);
@@ -2305,7 +2335,7 @@ static int ext4_rename (struct inode * old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	 * Like most other Unix systems, set the ctime for inodes on a
 	 * rename.
 	 */
-	old_inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	old_inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(old_inode);
 	ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, old_inode);
 
 	/*
@@ -2337,10 +2367,10 @@ static int ext4_rename (struct inode * old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	}
 
 	if (new_inode) {
-		drop_nlink(new_inode);
-		new_inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+		ext4_dec_count(handle, new_inode);
+		new_inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(new_inode);
 	}
-	old_dir->i_ctime = old_dir->i_mtime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+	old_dir->i_ctime = old_dir->i_mtime = ext4_current_time(old_dir);
 	ext4_update_dx_flag(old_dir);
 	if (dir_bh) {
 		BUFFER_TRACE(dir_bh, "get_write_access");
@@ -2348,11 +2378,13 @@ static int ext4_rename (struct inode * old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 		PARENT_INO(dir_bh->b_data) = cpu_to_le32(new_dir->i_ino);
 		BUFFER_TRACE(dir_bh, "call ext4_journal_dirty_metadata");
 		ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, dir_bh);
-		drop_nlink(old_dir);
+		ext4_dec_count(handle, old_dir);
 		if (new_inode) {
-			drop_nlink(new_inode);
+			/* checked empty_dir above, can't have another parent,
+			 * ext3_dec_count() won't work for many-linked dirs */
+			new_inode->i_nlink = 0;
 		} else {
-			inc_nlink(new_dir);
+			ext4_inc_count(handle, new_dir);
 			ext4_update_dx_flag(new_dir);
 			ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, new_dir);
 		}

fs/ext4/super.c

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include <linux/namei.h>
 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
 
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 
@@ -734,7 +735,7 @@ enum {
 	Opt_usrjquota, Opt_grpjquota, Opt_offusrjquota, Opt_offgrpjquota,
 	Opt_jqfmt_vfsold, Opt_jqfmt_vfsv0, Opt_quota, Opt_noquota,
 	Opt_ignore, Opt_barrier, Opt_err, Opt_resize, Opt_usrquota,
-	Opt_grpquota, Opt_extents,
+	Opt_grpquota, Opt_extents, Opt_noextents,
 };
 
 static match_table_t tokens = {
@@ -785,6 +786,7 @@ static match_table_t tokens = {
 	{Opt_usrquota, "usrquota"},
 	{Opt_barrier, "barrier=%u"},
 	{Opt_extents, "extents"},
+	{Opt_noextents, "noextents"},
 	{Opt_err, NULL},
 	{Opt_resize, "resize"},
 };
@@ -1120,6 +1122,9 @@ clear_qf_name:
 		case Opt_extents:
 			set_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, EXTENTS);
 			break;
+		case Opt_noextents:
+			clear_opt (sbi->s_mount_opt, EXTENTS);
+			break;
 		default:
 			printk (KERN_ERR
 				"EXT4-fs: Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" "
@@ -1551,6 +1556,12 @@ static int ext4_fill_super (struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 
 	set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, RESERVATION);
 
+	/*
+	 * turn on extents feature by default in ext4 filesystem
+	 * User -o noextents to turn it off
+	 */
+	set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, EXTENTS);
+
 	if (!parse_options ((char *) data, sb, &journal_inum, &journal_devnum,
 			    NULL, 0))
 		goto failed_mount;
@@ -1634,13 +1645,15 @@ static int ext4_fill_super (struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 		sbi->s_inode_size = le16_to_cpu(es->s_inode_size);
 		sbi->s_first_ino = le32_to_cpu(es->s_first_ino);
 		if ((sbi->s_inode_size < EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) ||
-		    (sbi->s_inode_size & (sbi->s_inode_size - 1)) ||
+		    (!is_power_of_2(sbi->s_inode_size)) ||
 		    (sbi->s_inode_size > blocksize)) {
 			printk (KERN_ERR
 				"EXT4-fs: unsupported inode size: %d\n",
 				sbi->s_inode_size);
 			goto failed_mount;
 		}
+		if (sbi->s_inode_size > EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE)
+			sb->s_time_gran = 1 << (EXT4_EPOCH_BITS - 2);
 	}
 	sbi->s_frag_size = EXT4_MIN_FRAG_SIZE <<
 				   le32_to_cpu(es->s_log_frag_size);
@@ -1803,6 +1816,13 @@ static int ext4_fill_super (struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 		goto failed_mount3;
 	}
 
+	if (ext4_blocks_count(es) > 0xffffffffULL &&
+	    !jbd2_journal_set_features(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_journal, 0, 0,
+				       JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "ext4: Failed to set 64-bit journal feature\n");
+		goto failed_mount4;
+	}
+
 	/* We have now updated the journal if required, so we can
 	 * validate the data journaling mode. */
 	switch (test_opt(sb, DATA_FLAGS)) {
@@ -1857,6 +1877,32 @@ static int ext4_fill_super (struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
 	}
 
 	ext4_setup_super (sb, es, sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY);
+
+	/* determine the minimum size of new large inodes, if present */
+	if (sbi->s_inode_size > EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE) {
+		sbi->s_want_extra_isize = sizeof(struct ext4_inode) -
+						     EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE;
+		if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
+				       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE)) {
+			if (sbi->s_want_extra_isize <
+			    le16_to_cpu(es->s_want_extra_isize))
+				sbi->s_want_extra_isize =
+					le16_to_cpu(es->s_want_extra_isize);
+			if (sbi->s_want_extra_isize <
+			    le16_to_cpu(es->s_min_extra_isize))
+				sbi->s_want_extra_isize =
+					le16_to_cpu(es->s_min_extra_isize);
+		}
+	}
+	/* Check if enough inode space is available */
+	if (EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + sbi->s_want_extra_isize >
+							sbi->s_inode_size) {
+		sbi->s_want_extra_isize = sizeof(struct ext4_inode) -
+						       EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE;
+		printk(KERN_INFO "EXT4-fs: required extra inode space not"
+			"available.\n");
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * akpm: core read_super() calls in here with the superblock locked.
 	 * That deadlocks, because orphan cleanup needs to lock the superblock

fs/ext4/xattr.c

@@ -66,13 +66,6 @@
 #define BFIRST(bh) ENTRY(BHDR(bh)+1)
 #define IS_LAST_ENTRY(entry) (*(__u32 *)(entry) == 0)
 
-#define IHDR(inode, raw_inode) \
-	((struct ext4_xattr_ibody_header *) \
-		((void *)raw_inode + \
-		 EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + \
-		 EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize))
-#define IFIRST(hdr) ((struct ext4_xattr_entry *)((hdr)+1))
-
 #ifdef EXT4_XATTR_DEBUG
 # define ea_idebug(inode, f...) do { \
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "inode %s:%lu: ", \
@@ -508,6 +501,24 @@ out:
 	return;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Find the available free space for EAs. This also returns the total number of
+ * bytes used by EA entries.
+ */
+static size_t ext4_xattr_free_space(struct ext4_xattr_entry *last,
+				    size_t *min_offs, void *base, int *total)
+{
+	for (; !IS_LAST_ENTRY(last); last = EXT4_XATTR_NEXT(last)) {
+		*total += EXT4_XATTR_LEN(last->e_name_len);
+		if (!last->e_value_block && last->e_value_size) {
+			size_t offs = le16_to_cpu(last->e_value_offs);
+			if (offs < *min_offs)
+				*min_offs = offs;
+		}
+	}
+	return (*min_offs - ((void *)last - base) - sizeof(__u32));
+}
+
 struct ext4_xattr_info {
 	int name_index;
 	const char *name;
@@ -1013,7 +1024,9 @@ ext4_xattr_set_handle(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode, int name_index,
 	}
 	if (!error) {
 		ext4_xattr_update_super_block(handle, inode->i_sb);
-		inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+		inode->i_ctime = ext4_current_time(inode);
+		if (!value)
+			EXT4_I(inode)->i_state &= ~EXT4_STATE_NO_EXPAND;
 		error = ext4_mark_iloc_dirty(handle, inode, &is.iloc);
 		/*
 		 * The bh is consumed by ext4_mark_iloc_dirty, even with
@@ -1066,6 +1079,253 @@ retry:
 	return error;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Shift the EA entries in the inode to create space for the increased
+ * i_extra_isize.
+ */
+static void ext4_xattr_shift_entries(struct ext4_xattr_entry *entry,
+				     int value_offs_shift, void *to,
+				     void *from, size_t n, int blocksize)
+{
+	struct ext4_xattr_entry *last = entry;
+	int new_offs;
+
+	/* Adjust the value offsets of the entries */
+	for (; !IS_LAST_ENTRY(last); last = EXT4_XATTR_NEXT(last)) {
+		if (!last->e_value_block && last->e_value_size) {
+			new_offs = le16_to_cpu(last->e_value_offs) +
+							value_offs_shift;
+			BUG_ON(new_offs + le32_to_cpu(last->e_value_size)
+				 > blocksize);
+			last->e_value_offs = cpu_to_le16(new_offs);
+		}
+	}
+	/* Shift the entries by n bytes */
+	memmove(to, from, n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Expand an inode by new_extra_isize bytes when EAs are present.
+ * Returns 0 on success or negative error number on failure.
+ */
+int ext4_expand_extra_isize_ea(struct inode *inode, int new_extra_isize,
+			       struct ext4_inode *raw_inode, handle_t *handle)
+{
+	struct ext4_xattr_ibody_header *header;
+	struct ext4_xattr_entry *entry, *last, *first;
+	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
+	struct ext4_xattr_ibody_find *is = NULL;
+	struct ext4_xattr_block_find *bs = NULL;
+	char *buffer = NULL, *b_entry_name = NULL;
+	size_t min_offs, free;
+	int total_ino, total_blk;
+	void *base, *start, *end;
+	int extra_isize = 0, error = 0, tried_min_extra_isize = 0;
+	int s_min_extra_isize = EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_es->s_min_extra_isize;
+
+	down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->xattr_sem);
+retry:
+	if (EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize >= new_extra_isize) {
+		up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->xattr_sem);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	header = IHDR(inode, raw_inode);
+	entry = IFIRST(header);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if enough free space is available in the inode to shift the
+	 * entries ahead by new_extra_isize.
+	 */
+
+	base = start = entry;
+	end = (void *)raw_inode + EXT4_SB(inode->i_sb)->s_inode_size;
+	min_offs = end - base;
+	last = entry;
+	total_ino = sizeof(struct ext4_xattr_ibody_header);
+
+	free = ext4_xattr_free_space(last, &min_offs, base, &total_ino);
+	if (free >= new_extra_isize) {
+		entry = IFIRST(header);
+		ext4_xattr_shift_entries(entry,	EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize
+				- new_extra_isize, (void *)raw_inode +
+				EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + new_extra_isize,
+				(void *)header, total_ino,
+				inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
+		EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize = new_extra_isize;
+		error = 0;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Enough free space isn't available in the inode, check if
+	 * EA block can hold new_extra_isize bytes.
+	 */
+	if (EXT4_I(inode)->i_file_acl) {
+		bh = sb_bread(inode->i_sb, EXT4_I(inode)->i_file_acl);
+		error = -EIO;
+		if (!bh)
+			goto cleanup;
+		if (ext4_xattr_check_block(bh)) {
+			ext4_error(inode->i_sb, __FUNCTION__,
+				"inode %lu: bad block %llu", inode->i_ino,
+				EXT4_I(inode)->i_file_acl);
+			error = -EIO;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		base = BHDR(bh);
+		first = BFIRST(bh);
+		end = bh->b_data + bh->b_size;
+		min_offs = end - base;
+		free = ext4_xattr_free_space(first, &min_offs, base,
+					     &total_blk);
+		if (free < new_extra_isize) {
+			if (!tried_min_extra_isize && s_min_extra_isize) {
+				tried_min_extra_isize++;
+				new_extra_isize = s_min_extra_isize;
+				brelse(bh);
+				goto retry;
+			}
+			error = -1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	} else {
+		free = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	}
+
+	while (new_extra_isize > 0) {
+		size_t offs, size, entry_size;
+		struct ext4_xattr_entry *small_entry = NULL;
+		struct ext4_xattr_info i = {
+			.value = NULL,
+			.value_len = 0,
+		};
+		unsigned int total_size;  /* EA entry size + value size */
+		unsigned int shift_bytes; /* No. of bytes to shift EAs by? */
+		unsigned int min_total_size = ~0U;
+
+		is = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ext4_xattr_ibody_find), GFP_NOFS);
+		bs = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ext4_xattr_block_find), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!is || !bs) {
+			error = -ENOMEM;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		is->s.not_found = -ENODATA;
+		bs->s.not_found = -ENODATA;
+		is->iloc.bh = NULL;
+		bs->bh = NULL;
+
+		last = IFIRST(header);
+		/* Find the entry best suited to be pushed into EA block */
+		entry = NULL;
+		for (; !IS_LAST_ENTRY(last); last = EXT4_XATTR_NEXT(last)) {
+			total_size =
+			EXT4_XATTR_SIZE(le32_to_cpu(last->e_value_size)) +
+					EXT4_XATTR_LEN(last->e_name_len);
+			if (total_size <= free && total_size < min_total_size) {
+				if (total_size < new_extra_isize) {
+					small_entry = last;
+				} else {
+					entry = last;
+					min_total_size = total_size;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (entry == NULL) {
+			if (small_entry) {
+				entry = small_entry;
+			} else {
+				if (!tried_min_extra_isize &&
+				    s_min_extra_isize) {
+					tried_min_extra_isize++;
+					new_extra_isize = s_min_extra_isize;
+					goto retry;
+				}
+				error = -1;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+		offs = le16_to_cpu(entry->e_value_offs);
+		size = le32_to_cpu(entry->e_value_size);
+		entry_size = EXT4_XATTR_LEN(entry->e_name_len);
+		i.name_index = entry->e_name_index,
+		buffer = kmalloc(EXT4_XATTR_SIZE(size), GFP_NOFS);
+		b_entry_name = kmalloc(entry->e_name_len + 1, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!buffer || !b_entry_name) {
+			error = -ENOMEM;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+		/* Save the entry name and the entry value */
+		memcpy(buffer, (void *)IFIRST(header) + offs,
+		       EXT4_XATTR_SIZE(size));
+		memcpy(b_entry_name, entry->e_name, entry->e_name_len);
+		b_entry_name[entry->e_name_len] = '\0';
+		i.name = b_entry_name;
+
+		error = ext4_get_inode_loc(inode, &is->iloc);
+		if (error)
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		error = ext4_xattr_ibody_find(inode, &i, is);
+		if (error)
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		/* Remove the chosen entry from the inode */
+		error = ext4_xattr_ibody_set(handle, inode, &i, is);
+
+		entry = IFIRST(header);
+		if (entry_size + EXT4_XATTR_SIZE(size) >= new_extra_isize)
+			shift_bytes = new_extra_isize;
+		else
+			shift_bytes = entry_size + size;
+		/* Adjust the offsets and shift the remaining entries ahead */
+		ext4_xattr_shift_entries(entry, EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize -
+			shift_bytes, (void *)raw_inode +
+			EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + extra_isize + shift_bytes,
+			(void *)header, total_ino - entry_size,
+			inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
+
+		extra_isize += shift_bytes;
+		new_extra_isize -= shift_bytes;
+		EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize = extra_isize;
+
+		i.name = b_entry_name;
+		i.value = buffer;
+		i.value_len = cpu_to_le32(size);
+		error = ext4_xattr_block_find(inode, &i, bs);
+		if (error)
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		/* Add entry which was removed from the inode into the block */
+		error = ext4_xattr_block_set(handle, inode, &i, bs);
+		if (error)
+			goto cleanup;
+		kfree(b_entry_name);
+		kfree(buffer);
+		brelse(is->iloc.bh);
+		kfree(is);
+		kfree(bs);
+	}
+	brelse(bh);
+	up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->xattr_sem);
+	return 0;
+
+cleanup:
+	kfree(b_entry_name);
+	kfree(buffer);
+	if (is)
+		brelse(is->iloc.bh);
+	kfree(is);
+	kfree(bs);
+	brelse(bh);
+	up_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->xattr_sem);
+	return error;
+}
+
+
+
 /*
  * ext4_xattr_delete_inode()
  *

fs/ext4/xattr.h

@@ -56,6 +56,13 @@ struct ext4_xattr_entry {
 #define EXT4_XATTR_SIZE(size) \
 	(((size) + EXT4_XATTR_ROUND) & ~EXT4_XATTR_ROUND)
 
+#define IHDR(inode, raw_inode) \
+	((struct ext4_xattr_ibody_header *) \
+		((void *)raw_inode + \
+		EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + \
+		EXT4_I(inode)->i_extra_isize))
+#define IFIRST(hdr) ((struct ext4_xattr_entry *)((hdr)+1))
+
 # ifdef CONFIG_EXT4DEV_FS_XATTR
 
 extern struct xattr_handler ext4_xattr_user_handler;
@@ -74,6 +81,9 @@ extern int ext4_xattr_set_handle(handle_t *, struct inode *, int, const char *,
 extern void ext4_xattr_delete_inode(handle_t *, struct inode *);
 extern void ext4_xattr_put_super(struct super_block *);
 
+extern int ext4_expand_extra_isize_ea(struct inode *inode, int new_extra_isize,
+			    struct ext4_inode *raw_inode, handle_t *handle);
+
 extern int init_ext4_xattr(void);
 extern void exit_ext4_xattr(void);
 
@@ -129,6 +139,13 @@ exit_ext4_xattr(void)
 {
 }
 
+static inline int
+ext4_expand_extra_isize_ea(struct inode *inode, int new_extra_isize,
+			    struct ext4_inode *raw_inode, handle_t *handle)
+{
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
 #define ext4_xattr_handlers	NULL
 
 # endif  /* CONFIG_EXT4DEV_FS_XATTR */

fs/jbd2/journal.c

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
 #include <linux/poison.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
 
 #include <asm/uaccess.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ int jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	spin_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
 	if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, tid)) {
 		printk(KERN_EMERG
@@ -1709,7 +1710,7 @@ void jbd2_slab_free(void *ptr,  size_t size)
  * Journal_head storage management
  */
 static struct kmem_cache *jbd2_journal_head_cache;
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 static atomic_t nr_journal_heads = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
 #endif
 
@@ -1747,7 +1748,7 @@ static struct journal_head *journal_alloc_journal_head(void)
 	struct journal_head *ret;
 	static unsigned long last_warning;
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	atomic_inc(&nr_journal_heads);
 #endif
 	ret = kmem_cache_alloc(jbd2_journal_head_cache, GFP_NOFS);
@@ -1768,7 +1769,7 @@ static struct journal_head *journal_alloc_journal_head(void)
 
 static void journal_free_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	atomic_dec(&nr_journal_heads);
 	memset(jh, JBD_POISON_FREE, sizeof(*jh));
 #endif
@@ -1951,64 +1952,50 @@ void jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
 }
 
 /*
- * /proc tunables
+ * debugfs tunables
  */
-#if defined(CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG)
-int jbd2_journal_enable_debug;
+#if defined(CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG)
+u8 jbd2_journal_enable_debug;
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_enable_debug);
 #endif
 
-#if defined(CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG) && defined(CONFIG_PROC_FS)
+#if defined(CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG) && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)
 
-static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_jbd_debug;
+#define JBD2_DEBUG_NAME "jbd2-debug"
 
-static int read_jbd_debug(char *page, char **start, off_t off,
-			  int count, int *eof, void *data)
-{
-	int ret;
+struct dentry *jbd2_debugfs_dir, *jbd2_debug;
 
-	ret = sprintf(page + off, "%d\n", jbd2_journal_enable_debug);
-	*eof = 1;
-	return ret;
+static void __init jbd2_create_debugfs_entry(void)
+{
+	jbd2_debugfs_dir = debugfs_create_dir("jbd2", NULL);
+	if (jbd2_debugfs_dir)
+		jbd2_debug = debugfs_create_u8(JBD2_DEBUG_NAME, S_IRUGO,
+					       jbd2_debugfs_dir,
+					       &jbd2_journal_enable_debug);
 }
 
-static int write_jbd_debug(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
-			   unsigned long count, void *data)
+static void __exit jbd2_remove_debugfs_entry(void)
 {
-	char buf[32];
-
-	if (count > ARRAY_SIZE(buf) - 1)
-		count = ARRAY_SIZE(buf) - 1;
-	if (copy_from_user(buf, buffer, count))
-		return -EFAULT;
-	buf[ARRAY_SIZE(buf) - 1] = '\0';
-	jbd2_journal_enable_debug = simple_strtoul(buf, NULL, 10);
-	return count;
+	if (jbd2_debug)
+		debugfs_remove(jbd2_debug);
+	if (jbd2_debugfs_dir)
+		debugfs_remove(jbd2_debugfs_dir);
 }
 
-#define JBD_PROC_NAME "sys/fs/jbd2-debug"
+#else
 
-static void __init create_jbd_proc_entry(void)
+static void __init jbd2_create_debugfs_entry(void)
 {
-	proc_jbd_debug = create_proc_entry(JBD_PROC_NAME, 0644, NULL);
-	if (proc_jbd_debug) {
-		/* Why is this so hard? */
-		proc_jbd_debug->read_proc = read_jbd_debug;
-		proc_jbd_debug->write_proc = write_jbd_debug;
-	}
+	do {
+	} while (0);
 }
 
-static void __exit jbd2_remove_jbd_proc_entry(void)
+static void __exit jbd2_remove_debugfs_entry(void)
 {
-	if (proc_jbd_debug)
-		remove_proc_entry(JBD_PROC_NAME, NULL);
+	do {
+	} while (0);
 }
 
-#else
-
-#define create_jbd_proc_entry() do {} while (0)
-#define jbd2_remove_jbd_proc_entry() do {} while (0)
-
 #endif
 
 struct kmem_cache *jbd2_handle_cache;
@@ -2067,18 +2054,18 @@ static int __init journal_init(void)
 	ret = journal_init_caches();
 	if (ret != 0)
 		jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
-	create_jbd_proc_entry();
+	jbd2_create_debugfs_entry();
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static void __exit journal_exit(void)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	int n = atomic_read(&nr_journal_heads);
 	if (n)
 		printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD: leaked %d journal_heads!\n", n);
 #endif
-	jbd2_remove_jbd_proc_entry();
+	jbd2_remove_debugfs_entry();
 	jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
 }
 

fs/jbd2/recovery.c

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ int jbd2_journal_skip_recovery(journal_t *journal)
 		printk(KERN_ERR "JBD: error %d scanning journal\n", err);
 		++journal->j_transaction_sequence;
 	} else {
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 		int dropped = info.end_transaction - be32_to_cpu(sb->s_sequence);
 #endif
 		jbd_debug(0,

fs/open.c

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
 
 int vfs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
 {
@@ -352,6 +353,64 @@ asmlinkage long sys_ftruncate64(unsigned int fd, loff_t length)
 }
 #endif
 
+asmlinkage long sys_fallocate(int fd, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len)
+{
+	struct file *file;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	long ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	if (offset < 0 || len <= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Return error if mode is not supported */
+	ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	if (mode && !(mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE))
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = -EBADF;
+	file = fget(fd);
+	if (!file)
+		goto out;
+	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE))
+		goto out_fput;
+	/*
+	 * Revalidate the write permissions, in case security policy has
+	 * changed since the files were opened.
+	 */
+	ret = security_file_permission(file, MAY_WRITE);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out_fput;
+
+	inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
+
+	ret = -ESPIPE;
+	if (S_ISFIFO(inode->i_mode))
+		goto out_fput;
+
+	ret = -ENODEV;
+	/*
+	 * Let individual file system decide if it supports preallocation
+	 * for directories or not.
+	 */
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		goto out_fput;
+
+	ret = -EFBIG;
+	/* Check for wrap through zero too */
+	if (((offset + len) > inode->i_sb->s_maxbytes) || ((offset + len) < 0))
+		goto out_fput;
+
+	if (inode->i_op && inode->i_op->fallocate)
+		ret = inode->i_op->fallocate(inode, mode, offset, len);
+	else
+		ret = -ENOSYS;
+
+out_fput:
+	fput(file);
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * access() needs to use the real uid/gid, not the effective uid/gid.
  * We do this by temporarily clearing all FS-related capabilities and

include/asm-i386/unistd.h

@@ -329,10 +329,11 @@
 #define __NR_signalfd		321
 #define __NR_timerfd		322
 #define __NR_eventfd		323
+#define __NR_fallocate		324
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 
-#define NR_syscalls 324
+#define NR_syscalls 325
 
 #define __ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
 #define __ARCH_WANT_OLD_READDIR

include/asm-powerpc/systbl.h

@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ COMPAT_SYS_SPU(move_pages)
 SYSCALL_SPU(getcpu)
 COMPAT_SYS(epoll_pwait)
 COMPAT_SYS_SPU(utimensat)
+COMPAT_SYS(fallocate)
 COMPAT_SYS_SPU(signalfd)
 COMPAT_SYS_SPU(timerfd)
 SYSCALL_SPU(eventfd)

include/asm-powerpc/unistd.h

@@ -331,10 +331,11 @@
 #define __NR_timerfd		306
 #define __NR_eventfd		307
 #define __NR_sync_file_range2	308
+#define __NR_fallocate		309
 
 #ifdef __KERNEL__
 
-#define __NR_syscalls		309
+#define __NR_syscalls		310
 
 #define __NR__exit __NR_exit
 #define NR_syscalls	__NR_syscalls

include/asm-x86_64/unistd.h

@@ -630,6 +630,8 @@ __SYSCALL(__NR_signalfd, sys_signalfd)
 __SYSCALL(__NR_timerfd, sys_timerfd)
 #define __NR_eventfd		284
 __SYSCALL(__NR_eventfd, sys_eventfd)
+#define __NR_fallocate		285
+__SYSCALL(__NR_fallocate, sys_fallocate)
 
 #ifndef __NO_STUBS
 #define __ARCH_WANT_OLD_READDIR

include/linux/ext4_fs.h

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 /*
  * Maximal count of links to a file
  */
-#define EXT4_LINK_MAX		32000
+#define EXT4_LINK_MAX		65000
 
 /*
  * Macro-instructions used to manage several block sizes
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@
 				 EXT4_GOOD_OLD_FIRST_INO : \
 				 (s)->s_first_ino)
 #endif
+#define EXT4_BLOCK_ALIGN(size, blkbits)		ALIGN((size), (1 << (blkbits)))
 
 /*
  * Macro-instructions used to manage fragments
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@ struct ext4_group_desc
 #define EXT4_STATE_JDATA		0x00000001 /* journaled data exists */
 #define EXT4_STATE_NEW			0x00000002 /* inode is newly created */
 #define EXT4_STATE_XATTR		0x00000004 /* has in-inode xattrs */
+#define EXT4_STATE_NO_EXPAND		0x00000008 /* No space for expansion */
 
 /* Used to pass group descriptor data when online resize is done */
 struct ext4_new_group_input {
@@ -225,6 +227,11 @@ struct ext4_new_group_data {
 	__u32 free_blocks_count;
 };
 
+/*
+ * Following is used by preallocation code to tell get_blocks() that we
+ * want uninitialzed extents.
+ */
+#define EXT4_CREATE_UNINITIALIZED_EXT		2
 
 /*
  * ioctl commands
@@ -237,7 +244,7 @@ struct ext4_new_group_data {
 #define EXT4_IOC_GROUP_ADD		_IOW('f', 8,struct ext4_new_group_input)
 #define	EXT4_IOC_GETVERSION_OLD		FS_IOC_GETVERSION
 #define	EXT4_IOC_SETVERSION_OLD		FS_IOC_SETVERSION
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 #define EXT4_IOC_WAIT_FOR_READONLY	_IOR('f', 99, long)
 #endif
 #define EXT4_IOC_GETRSVSZ		_IOR('f', 5, long)
@@ -253,7 +260,7 @@ struct ext4_new_group_data {
 #define EXT4_IOC32_GETRSVSZ		_IOR('f', 5, int)
 #define EXT4_IOC32_SETRSVSZ		_IOW('f', 6, int)
 #define EXT4_IOC32_GROUP_EXTEND		_IOW('f', 7, unsigned int)
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 #define EXT4_IOC32_WAIT_FOR_READONLY	_IOR('f', 99, int)
 #endif
 #define EXT4_IOC32_GETVERSION_OLD	FS_IOC32_GETVERSION
@@ -282,7 +289,7 @@ struct ext4_inode {
 	__le16	i_uid;		/* Low 16 bits of Owner Uid */
 	__le32	i_size;		/* Size in bytes */
 	__le32	i_atime;	/* Access time */
-	__le32	i_ctime;	/* Creation time */
+	__le32	i_ctime;	/* Inode Change time */
 	__le32	i_mtime;	/* Modification time */
 	__le32	i_dtime;	/* Deletion Time */
 	__le16	i_gid;		/* Low 16 bits of Group Id */
@@ -331,10 +338,85 @@ struct ext4_inode {
 	} osd2;				/* OS dependent 2 */
 	__le16	i_extra_isize;
 	__le16	i_pad1;
+	__le32  i_ctime_extra;  /* extra Change time      (nsec << 2 | epoch) */
+	__le32  i_mtime_extra;  /* extra Modification time(nsec << 2 | epoch) */
+	__le32  i_atime_extra;  /* extra Access time      (nsec << 2 | epoch) */
+	__le32  i_crtime;       /* File Creation time */
+	__le32  i_crtime_extra; /* extra FileCreationtime (nsec << 2 | epoch) */
 };
 
 #define i_size_high	i_dir_acl
 
+#define EXT4_EPOCH_BITS 2
+#define EXT4_EPOCH_MASK ((1 << EXT4_EPOCH_BITS) - 1)
+#define EXT4_NSEC_MASK  (~0UL << EXT4_EPOCH_BITS)
+
+/*
+ * Extended fields will fit into an inode if the filesystem was formatted
+ * with large inodes (-I 256 or larger) and there are not currently any EAs
+ * consuming all of the available space. For new inodes we always reserve
+ * enough space for the kernel's known extended fields, but for inodes
+ * created with an old kernel this might not have been the case. None of
+ * the extended inode fields is critical for correct filesystem operation.
+ * This macro checks if a certain field fits in the inode. Note that
+ * inode-size = GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE + i_extra_isize
+ */
+#define EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(ext4_inode, einode, field)	\
+	((offsetof(typeof(*ext4_inode), field) +	\
+	  sizeof((ext4_inode)->field))			\
+	<= (EXT4_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE +			\
+	    (einode)->i_extra_isize))			\
+
+static inline __le32 ext4_encode_extra_time(struct timespec *time)
+{
+       return cpu_to_le32((sizeof(time->tv_sec) > 4 ?
+			   time->tv_sec >> 32 : 0) |
+			   ((time->tv_nsec << 2) & EXT4_NSEC_MASK));
+}
+
+static inline void ext4_decode_extra_time(struct timespec *time, __le32 extra)
+{
+       if (sizeof(time->tv_sec) > 4)
+	       time->tv_sec |= (__u64)(le32_to_cpu(extra) & EXT4_EPOCH_MASK)
+			       << 32;
+       time->tv_nsec = (le32_to_cpu(extra) & EXT4_NSEC_MASK) >> 2;
+}
+
+#define EXT4_INODE_SET_XTIME(xtime, inode, raw_inode)			       \
+do {									       \
+	(raw_inode)->xtime = cpu_to_le32((inode)->xtime.tv_sec);	       \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, EXT4_I(inode), xtime ## _extra))     \
+		(raw_inode)->xtime ## _extra =				       \
+				ext4_encode_extra_time(&(inode)->xtime);       \
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXT4_EINODE_SET_XTIME(xtime, einode, raw_inode)			       \
+do {									       \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, einode, xtime))		       \
+		(raw_inode)->xtime = cpu_to_le32((einode)->xtime.tv_sec);      \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, einode, xtime ## _extra))	       \
+		(raw_inode)->xtime ## _extra =				       \
+				ext4_encode_extra_time(&(einode)->xtime);      \
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXT4_INODE_GET_XTIME(xtime, inode, raw_inode)			       \
+do {									       \
+	(inode)->xtime.tv_sec = (signed)le32_to_cpu((raw_inode)->xtime);       \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, EXT4_I(inode), xtime ## _extra))     \
+		ext4_decode_extra_time(&(inode)->xtime,			       \
+				       raw_inode->xtime ## _extra);	       \
+} while (0)
+
+#define EXT4_EINODE_GET_XTIME(xtime, einode, raw_inode)			       \
+do {									       \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, einode, xtime))		       \
+		(einode)->xtime.tv_sec = 				       \
+			(signed)le32_to_cpu((raw_inode)->xtime);	       \
+	if (EXT4_FITS_IN_INODE(raw_inode, einode, xtime ## _extra))	       \
+		ext4_decode_extra_time(&(einode)->xtime,		       \
+				       raw_inode->xtime ## _extra);	       \
+} while (0)
+
 #if defined(__KERNEL__) || defined(__linux__)
 #define i_reserved1	osd1.linux1.l_i_reserved1
 #define i_frag		osd2.linux2.l_i_frag
@@ -533,6 +615,13 @@ static inline struct ext4_inode_info *EXT4_I(struct inode *inode)
 	return container_of(inode, struct ext4_inode_info, vfs_inode);
 }
 
+static inline struct timespec ext4_current_time(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return (inode->i_sb->s_time_gran < NSEC_PER_SEC) ?
+		current_fs_time(inode->i_sb) : CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
+}
+
+
 static inline int ext4_valid_inum(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 {
 	return ino == EXT4_ROOT_INO ||
@@ -603,6 +692,8 @@ static inline int ext4_valid_inum(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER	0x0001
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE	0x0002
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BTREE_DIR	0x0004
+#define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK	0x0020
+#define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE	0x0040
 
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION	0x0001
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE		0x0002
@@ -620,6 +711,8 @@ static inline int ext4_valid_inum(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 					 EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_64BIT)
 #define EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SUPP	(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER| \
 					 EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE| \
+					 EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK | \
+					 EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE | \
 					 EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_BTREE_DIR)
 
 /*
@@ -862,6 +955,7 @@ extern int ext4_change_inode_journal_flag(struct inode *, int);
 extern int ext4_get_inode_loc(struct inode *, struct ext4_iloc *);
 extern void ext4_truncate (struct inode *);
 extern void ext4_set_inode_flags(struct inode *);
+extern void ext4_get_inode_flags(struct ext4_inode_info *);
 extern void ext4_set_aops(struct inode *inode);
 extern int ext4_writepage_trans_blocks(struct inode *);
 extern int ext4_block_truncate_page(handle_t *handle, struct page *page,
@@ -983,6 +1077,8 @@ extern int ext4_ext_get_blocks(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode,
 extern void ext4_ext_truncate(struct inode *, struct page *);
 extern void ext4_ext_init(struct super_block *);
 extern void ext4_ext_release(struct super_block *);
+extern long ext4_fallocate(struct inode *inode, int mode, loff_t offset,
+			  loff_t len);
 static inline int
 ext4_get_blocks_wrap(handle_t *handle, struct inode *inode, sector_t block,
 			unsigned long max_blocks, struct buffer_head *bh,

include/linux/ext4_fs_extents.h

@@ -141,7 +141,25 @@ typedef int (*ext_prepare_callback)(struct inode *, struct ext4_ext_path *,
 
 #define EXT_MAX_BLOCK	0xffffffff
 
-#define EXT_MAX_LEN	((1UL << 15) - 1)
+/*
+ * EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN is the maximum number of blocks we can have in an
+ * initialized extent. This is 2^15 and not (2^16 - 1), since we use the
+ * MSB of ee_len field in the extent datastructure to signify if this
+ * particular extent is an initialized extent or an uninitialized (i.e.
+ * preallocated).
+ * EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN is the maximum number of blocks we can have in an
+ * uninitialized extent.
+ * If ee_len is <= 0x8000, it is an initialized extent. Otherwise, it is an
+ * uninitialized one. In other words, if MSB of ee_len is set, it is an
+ * uninitialized extent with only one special scenario when ee_len = 0x8000.
+ * In this case we can not have an uninitialized extent of zero length and
+ * thus we make it as a special case of initialized extent with 0x8000 length.
+ * This way we get better extent-to-group alignment for initialized extents.
+ * Hence, the maximum number of blocks we can have in an *initialized*
+ * extent is 2^15 (32768) and in an *uninitialized* extent is 2^15-1 (32767).
+ */
+#define EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN	(1UL << 15)
+#define EXT_UNINIT_MAX_LEN	(EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN - 1)
 
 
 #define EXT_FIRST_EXTENT(__hdr__) \
@@ -188,8 +206,31 @@ ext4_ext_invalidate_cache(struct inode *inode)
 	EXT4_I(inode)->i_cached_extent.ec_type = EXT4_EXT_CACHE_NO;
 }
 
+static inline void ext4_ext_mark_uninitialized(struct ext4_extent *ext)
+{
+	/* We can not have an uninitialized extent of zero length! */
+	BUG_ON((le16_to_cpu(ext->ee_len) & ~EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN) == 0);
+	ext->ee_len |= cpu_to_le16(EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN);
+}
+
+static inline int ext4_ext_is_uninitialized(struct ext4_extent *ext)
+{
+	/* Extent with ee_len of 0x8000 is treated as an initialized extent */
+	return (le16_to_cpu(ext->ee_len) > EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN);
+}
+
+static inline int ext4_ext_get_actual_len(struct ext4_extent *ext)
+{
+	return (le16_to_cpu(ext->ee_len) <= EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN ?
+		le16_to_cpu(ext->ee_len) :
+		(le16_to_cpu(ext->ee_len) - EXT_INIT_MAX_LEN));
+}
+
 extern int ext4_extent_tree_init(handle_t *, struct inode *);
 extern int ext4_ext_calc_credits_for_insert(struct inode *, struct ext4_ext_path *);
+extern int ext4_ext_try_to_merge(struct inode *inode,
+				 struct ext4_ext_path *path,
+				 struct ext4_extent *);
 extern unsigned int ext4_ext_check_overlap(struct inode *, struct ext4_extent *, struct ext4_ext_path *);
 extern int ext4_ext_insert_extent(handle_t *, struct inode *, struct ext4_ext_path *, struct ext4_extent *);
 extern int ext4_ext_walk_space(struct inode *, unsigned long, unsigned long, ext_prepare_callback, void *);

include/linux/ext4_fs_i.h

@@ -153,6 +153,11 @@ struct ext4_inode_info {
 
 	unsigned long i_ext_generation;
 	struct ext4_ext_cache i_cached_extent;
+	/*
+	 * File creation time. Its function is same as that of
+	 * struct timespec i_{a,c,m}time in the generic inode.
+	 */
+	struct timespec i_crtime;
 };
 
 #endif	/* _LINUX_EXT4_FS_I */

include/linux/ext4_fs_sb.h

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct ext4_sb_info {
 	struct list_head s_orphan;
 	unsigned long s_commit_interval;
 	struct block_device *journal_bdev;
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 	struct timer_list turn_ro_timer;	/* For turning read-only (crash simulation) */
 	wait_queue_head_t ro_wait_queue;	/* For people waiting for the fs to go read-only */
 #endif
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ struct ext4_sb_info {
 	char *s_qf_names[MAXQUOTAS];		/* Names of quota files with journalled quota */
 	int s_jquota_fmt;			/* Format of quota to use */
 #endif
+	unsigned int s_want_extra_isize; /* New inodes should reserve # bytes */
 
 #ifdef EXTENTS_STATS
 	/* ext4 extents stats */

include/linux/falloc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef _FALLOC_H_
+#define _FALLOC_H_
+
+#define FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE	0x01 /* default is extend size */
+
+#endif /* _FALLOC_H_ */

include/linux/fs.h

@@ -1147,6 +1147,8 @@ struct inode_operations {
 	ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
 	int (*removexattr) (struct dentry *, const char *);
 	void (*truncate_range)(struct inode *, loff_t, loff_t);
+	long (*fallocate)(struct inode *inode, int mode, loff_t offset,
+			  loff_t len);
 };
 
 struct seq_file;

include/linux/jbd2.h

@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@
  */
 #define JBD_DEFAULT_MAX_COMMIT_AGE 5
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG
+#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
 /*
  * Define JBD_EXPENSIVE_CHECKING to enable more expensive internal
  * consistency checks.  By default we don't do this unless
- * CONFIG_JBD_DEBUG is on.
+ * CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG is on.
  */
 #define JBD_EXPENSIVE_CHECKING
-extern int jbd2_journal_enable_debug;
+extern u8 jbd2_journal_enable_debug;
 
 #define jbd_debug(n, f, a...)						\
 	do {								\

include/linux/syscalls.h

@@ -610,6 +610,7 @@ asmlinkage long sys_signalfd(int ufd, sigset_t __user *user_mask, size_t sizemas
 asmlinkage long sys_timerfd(int ufd, int clockid, int flags,
 			    const struct itimerspec __user *utmr);
 asmlinkage long sys_eventfd(unsigned int count);
+asmlinkage long sys_fallocate(int fd, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len);
 
 int kernel_execve(const char *filename, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);