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@@ -1,12 +1,49 @@
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- Real Time Clock Driver for Linux
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- ================================
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+ Real Time Clock (RTC) Drivers for Linux
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+ =======================================
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+
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+When Linux developers talk about a "Real Time Clock", they usually mean
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+something that tracks wall clock time and is battery backed so that it
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+works even with system power off. Such clocks will normally not track
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+the local time zone or daylight savings time -- unless they dual boot
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+with MS-Windows -- but will instead be set to Coordinated Universal Time
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+(UTC, formerly "Greenwich Mean Time").
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+
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+The newest non-PC hardware tends to just count seconds, like the time(2)
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+system call reports, but RTCs also very commonly represent time using
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+the Gregorian calendar and 24 hour time, as reported by gmtime(3).
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+
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+Linux has two largely-compatible userspace RTC API families you may
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+need to know about:
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+
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+ * /dev/rtc ... is the RTC provided by PC compatible systems,
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+ so it's not very portable to non-x86 systems.
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+
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+ * /dev/rtc0, /dev/rtc1 ... are part of a framework that's
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+ supported by a wide variety of RTC chips on all systems.
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+
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+Programmers need to understand that the PC/AT functionality is not
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+always available, and some systems can do much more. That is, the
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+RTCs use the same API to make requests in both RTC frameworks (using
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+different filenames of course), but the hardware may not offer the
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+same functionality. For example, not every RTC is hooked up to an
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+IRQ, so they can't all issue alarms; and where standard PC RTCs can
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+only issue an alarm up to 24 hours in the future, other hardware may
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+be able to schedule one any time in the upcoming century.
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+
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+
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+ Old PC/AT-Compatible driver: /dev/rtc
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+ --------------------------------------
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All PCs (even Alpha machines) have a Real Time Clock built into them.
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Usually they are built into the chipset of the computer, but some may
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actually have a Motorola MC146818 (or clone) on the board. This is the
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clock that keeps the date and time while your computer is turned off.
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+ACPI has standardized that MC146818 functionality, and extended it in
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+a few ways (enabling longer alarm periods, and wake-from-hibernate).
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+That functionality is NOT exposed in the old driver.
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+
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However it can also be used to generate signals from a slow 2Hz to a
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relatively fast 8192Hz, in increments of powers of two. These signals
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are reported by interrupt number 8. (Oh! So *that* is what IRQ 8 is
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@@ -63,223 +100,331 @@ Rather than write 50 pages describing the ioctl() and so on, it is
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perhaps more useful to include a small test program that demonstrates
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how to use them, and demonstrates the features of the driver. This is
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probably a lot more useful to people interested in writing applications
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-that will be using this driver.
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+that will be using this driver. See the code at the end of this document.
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+
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+(The original /dev/rtc driver was written by Paul Gortmaker.)
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+
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+
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+ New portable "RTC Class" drivers: /dev/rtcN
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+ --------------------------------------------
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+
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+Because Linux supports many non-ACPI and non-PC platforms, some of which
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+have more than one RTC style clock, it needed a more portable solution
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+than expecting a single battery-backed MC146818 clone on every system.
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+Accordingly, a new "RTC Class" framework has been defined. It offers
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+three different userspace interfaces:
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+
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+ * /dev/rtcN ... much the same as the older /dev/rtc interface
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+
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+ * /sys/class/rtc/rtcN ... sysfs attributes support readonly
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+ access to some RTC attributes.
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+
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+ * /proc/driver/rtc ... the first RTC (rtc0) may expose itself
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+ using a procfs interface. More information is (currently) shown
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+ here than through sysfs.
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+
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+The RTC Class framework supports a wide variety of RTCs, ranging from those
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+integrated into embeddable system-on-chip (SOC) processors to discrete chips
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+using I2C, SPI, or some other bus to communicate with the host CPU. There's
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+even support for PC-style RTCs ... including the features exposed on newer PCs
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+through ACPI.
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+
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+The new framework also removes the "one RTC per system" restriction. For
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+example, maybe the low-power battery-backed RTC is a discrete I2C chip, but
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+a high functionality RTC is integrated into the SOC. That system might read
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+the system clock from the discrete RTC, but use the integrated one for all
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+other tasks, because of its greater functionality.
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+
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+The ioctl() calls supported by /dev/rtc are also supported by the RTC class
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+framework. However, because the chips and systems are not standardized,
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+some PC/AT functionality might not be provided. And in the same way, some
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+newer features -- including those enabled by ACPI -- are exposed by the
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+RTC class framework, but can't be supported by the older driver.
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+
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+ * RTC_RD_TIME, RTC_SET_TIME ... every RTC supports at least reading
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+ time, returning the result as a Gregorian calendar date and 24 hour
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+ wall clock time. To be most useful, this time may also be updated.
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+
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+ * RTC_AIE_ON, RTC_AIE_OFF, RTC_ALM_SET, RTC_ALM_READ ... when the RTC
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+ is connected to an IRQ line, it can often issue an alarm IRQ up to
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+ 24 hours in the future.
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+
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+ * RTC_WKALM_SET, RTC_WKALM_READ ... RTCs that can issue alarms beyond
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+ the next 24 hours use a slightly more powerful API, which supports
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+ setting the longer alarm time and enabling its IRQ using a single
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+ request (using the same model as EFI firmware).
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+
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+ * RTC_UIE_ON, RTC_UIE_OFF ... if the RTC offers IRQs, it probably
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+ also offers update IRQs whenever the "seconds" counter changes.
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+ If needed, the RTC framework can emulate this mechanism.
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+
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+ * RTC_PIE_ON, RTC_PIE_OFF, RTC_IRQP_SET, RTC_IRQP_READ ... another
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+ feature often accessible with an IRQ line is a periodic IRQ, issued
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+ at settable frequencies (usually 2^N Hz).
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+
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+In many cases, the RTC alarm can be a system wake event, used to force
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+Linux out of a low power sleep state (or hibernation) back to a fully
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+operational state. For example, a system could enter a deep power saving
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+state until it's time to execute some scheduled tasks.
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- Paul Gortmaker
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-------------------- 8< ---------------- 8< -----------------------------
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/*
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- * Real Time Clock Driver Test/Example Program
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+ * Real Time Clock Driver Test/Example Program
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*
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- * Compile with:
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- * gcc -s -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes rtctest.c -o rtctest
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+ * Compile with:
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+ * gcc -s -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes rtctest.c -o rtctest
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*
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- * Copyright (C) 1996, Paul Gortmaker.
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+ * Copyright (C) 1996, Paul Gortmaker.
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*
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- * Released under the GNU General Public License, version 2,
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- * included herein by reference.
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+ * Released under the GNU General Public License, version 2,
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+ * included herein by reference.
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*
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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-#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <linux/rtc.h>
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#include <sys/ioctl.h>
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#include <sys/time.h>
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#include <sys/types.h>
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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+#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <errno.h>
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-int main(void) {
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-
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-int i, fd, retval, irqcount = 0;
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-unsigned long tmp, data;
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-struct rtc_time rtc_tm;
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-fd = open ("/dev/rtc", O_RDONLY);
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+/*
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+ * This expects the new RTC class driver framework, working with
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+ * clocks that will often not be clones of what the PC-AT had.
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+ * Use the command line to specify another RTC if you need one.
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+ */
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+static const char default_rtc[] = "/dev/rtc0";
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+
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+
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+int main(int argc, char **argv)
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+{
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+ int i, fd, retval, irqcount = 0;
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+ unsigned long tmp, data;
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+ struct rtc_time rtc_tm;
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+ const char *rtc = default_rtc;
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+
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+ switch (argc) {
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+ case 2:
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+ rtc = argv[1];
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+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
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+ case 1:
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+ break;
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+ default:
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+ fprintf(stderr, "usage: rtctest [rtcdev]\n");
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+ return 1;
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+ }
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-if (fd == -1) {
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- perror("/dev/rtc");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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+ fd = open(rtc, O_RDONLY);
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-fprintf(stderr, "\n\t\t\tRTC Driver Test Example.\n\n");
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+ if (fd == -1) {
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+ perror(rtc);
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+ exit(errno);
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+ }
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-/* Turn on update interrupts (one per second) */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_UIE_ON, 0);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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+ fprintf(stderr, "\n\t\t\tRTC Driver Test Example.\n\n");
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-fprintf(stderr, "Counting 5 update (1/sec) interrupts from reading /dev/rtc:");
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-fflush(stderr);
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-for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
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- /* This read will block */
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- retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
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+ /* Turn on update interrupts (one per second) */
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+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_UIE_ON, 0);
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if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("read");
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+ if (errno == ENOTTY) {
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+ fprintf(stderr,
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+ "\n...Update IRQs not supported.\n");
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+ goto test_READ;
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+ }
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+ perror("ioctl");
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exit(errno);
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}
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- fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
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+
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+ fprintf(stderr, "Counting 5 update (1/sec) interrupts from reading %s:",
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+ rtc);
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fflush(stderr);
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- irqcount++;
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-}
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+ for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
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+ /* This read will block */
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+ retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
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+ if (retval == -1) {
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+ perror("read");
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+ exit(errno);
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+ }
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+ fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
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+ fflush(stderr);
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+ irqcount++;
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+ }
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-fprintf(stderr, "\nAgain, from using select(2) on /dev/rtc:");
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-fflush(stderr);
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-for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
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- struct timeval tv = {5, 0}; /* 5 second timeout on select */
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- fd_set readfds;
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+ fprintf(stderr, "\nAgain, from using select(2) on /dev/rtc:");
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+ fflush(stderr);
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+ for (i=1; i<6; i++) {
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+ struct timeval tv = {5, 0}; /* 5 second timeout on select */
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+ fd_set readfds;
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+
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+ FD_ZERO(&readfds);
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+ FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
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+ /* The select will wait until an RTC interrupt happens. */
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+ retval = select(fd+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
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+ if (retval == -1) {
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+ perror("select");
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+ exit(errno);
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+ }
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+ /* This read won't block unlike the select-less case above. */
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+ retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
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+ if (retval == -1) {
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+ perror("read");
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+ exit(errno);
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+ }
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+ fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
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+ fflush(stderr);
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+ irqcount++;
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+ }
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- FD_ZERO(&readfds);
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- FD_SET(fd, &readfds);
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- /* The select will wait until an RTC interrupt happens. */
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- retval = select(fd+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
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+ /* Turn off update interrupts */
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+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_UIE_OFF, 0);
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if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("select");
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+ perror("ioctl");
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exit(errno);
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}
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- /* This read won't block unlike the select-less case above. */
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- retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
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+
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+test_READ:
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+ /* Read the RTC time/date */
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+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, &rtc_tm);
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if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("read");
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+ perror("ioctl");
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exit(errno);
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}
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- fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
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- fflush(stderr);
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- irqcount++;
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-}
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-
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-/* Turn off update interrupts */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_UIE_OFF, 0);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-
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-/* Read the RTC time/date */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, &rtc_tm);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-
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-fprintf(stderr, "\n\nCurrent RTC date/time is %d-%d-%d, %02d:%02d:%02d.\n",
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- rtc_tm.tm_mday, rtc_tm.tm_mon + 1, rtc_tm.tm_year + 1900,
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- rtc_tm.tm_hour, rtc_tm.tm_min, rtc_tm.tm_sec);
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-
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-/* Set the alarm to 5 sec in the future, and check for rollover */
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-rtc_tm.tm_sec += 5;
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-if (rtc_tm.tm_sec >= 60) {
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- rtc_tm.tm_sec %= 60;
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- rtc_tm.tm_min++;
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-}
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-if (rtc_tm.tm_min == 60) {
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- rtc_tm.tm_min = 0;
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- rtc_tm.tm_hour++;
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-}
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-if (rtc_tm.tm_hour == 24)
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- rtc_tm.tm_hour = 0;
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-
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_ALM_SET, &rtc_tm);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-
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-/* Read the current alarm settings */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_ALM_READ, &rtc_tm);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-
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-fprintf(stderr, "Alarm time now set to %02d:%02d:%02d.\n",
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- rtc_tm.tm_hour, rtc_tm.tm_min, rtc_tm.tm_sec);
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-/* Enable alarm interrupts */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_ON, 0);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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+ fprintf(stderr, "\n\nCurrent RTC date/time is %d-%d-%d, %02d:%02d:%02d.\n",
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+ rtc_tm.tm_mday, rtc_tm.tm_mon + 1, rtc_tm.tm_year + 1900,
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+ rtc_tm.tm_hour, rtc_tm.tm_min, rtc_tm.tm_sec);
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-fprintf(stderr, "Waiting 5 seconds for alarm...");
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-fflush(stderr);
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-/* This blocks until the alarm ring causes an interrupt */
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-retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("read");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-irqcount++;
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-fprintf(stderr, " okay. Alarm rang.\n");
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-
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-/* Disable alarm interrupts */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_OFF, 0);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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+ /* Set the alarm to 5 sec in the future, and check for rollover */
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+ rtc_tm.tm_sec += 5;
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+ if (rtc_tm.tm_sec >= 60) {
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+ rtc_tm.tm_sec %= 60;
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+ rtc_tm.tm_min++;
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+ }
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+ if (rtc_tm.tm_min == 60) {
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+ rtc_tm.tm_min = 0;
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+ rtc_tm.tm_hour++;
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+ }
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+ if (rtc_tm.tm_hour == 24)
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+ rtc_tm.tm_hour = 0;
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-/* Read periodic IRQ rate */
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-retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_IRQP_READ, &tmp);
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-if (retval == -1) {
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- perror("ioctl");
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- exit(errno);
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-}
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-fprintf(stderr, "\nPeriodic IRQ rate was %ldHz.\n", tmp);
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_ALM_SET, &rtc_tm);
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ if (errno == ENOTTY) {
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr,
|
|
|
+ "\n...Alarm IRQs not supported.\n");
|
|
|
+ goto test_PIE;
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
-fprintf(stderr, "Counting 20 interrupts at:");
|
|
|
-fflush(stderr);
|
|
|
+ /* Read the current alarm settings */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_ALM_READ, &rtc_tm);
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
|
|
|
-/* The frequencies 128Hz, 256Hz, ... 8192Hz are only allowed for root. */
|
|
|
-for (tmp=2; tmp<=64; tmp*=2) {
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "Alarm time now set to %02d:%02d:%02d.\n",
|
|
|
+ rtc_tm.tm_hour, rtc_tm.tm_min, rtc_tm.tm_sec);
|
|
|
|
|
|
- retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_IRQP_SET, tmp);
|
|
|
+ /* Enable alarm interrupts */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_ON, 0);
|
|
|
if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
exit(errno);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
- fprintf(stderr, "\n%ldHz:\t", tmp);
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "Waiting 5 seconds for alarm...");
|
|
|
fflush(stderr);
|
|
|
+ /* This blocks until the alarm ring causes an interrupt */
|
|
|
+ retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ perror("read");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ irqcount++;
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, " okay. Alarm rang.\n");
|
|
|
|
|
|
- /* Enable periodic interrupts */
|
|
|
- retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_ON, 0);
|
|
|
+ /* Disable alarm interrupts */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_OFF, 0);
|
|
|
if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
exit(errno);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
- for (i=1; i<21; i++) {
|
|
|
- /* This blocks */
|
|
|
- retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
|
|
|
+test_PIE:
|
|
|
+ /* Read periodic IRQ rate */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_IRQP_READ, &tmp);
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ /* not all RTCs support periodic IRQs */
|
|
|
+ if (errno == ENOTTY) {
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "\nNo periodic IRQ support\n");
|
|
|
+ return 0;
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "\nPeriodic IRQ rate is %ldHz.\n", tmp);
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "Counting 20 interrupts at:");
|
|
|
+ fflush(stderr);
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ /* The frequencies 128Hz, 256Hz, ... 8192Hz are only allowed for root. */
|
|
|
+ for (tmp=2; tmp<=64; tmp*=2) {
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_IRQP_SET, tmp);
|
|
|
if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
- perror("read");
|
|
|
- exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ /* not all RTCs can change their periodic IRQ rate */
|
|
|
+ if (errno == ENOTTY) {
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr,
|
|
|
+ "\n...Periodic IRQ rate is fixed\n");
|
|
|
+ goto done;
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
- fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n%ldHz:\t", tmp);
|
|
|
fflush(stderr);
|
|
|
- irqcount++;
|
|
|
- }
|
|
|
|
|
|
- /* Disable periodic interrupts */
|
|
|
- retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_OFF, 0);
|
|
|
- if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
- perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
- exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ /* Enable periodic interrupts */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_ON, 0);
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ for (i=1; i<21; i++) {
|
|
|
+ /* This blocks */
|
|
|
+ retval = read(fd, &data, sizeof(unsigned long));
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ perror("read");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, " %d",i);
|
|
|
+ fflush(stderr);
|
|
|
+ irqcount++;
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+ /* Disable periodic interrupts */
|
|
|
+ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_OFF, 0);
|
|
|
+ if (retval == -1) {
|
|
|
+ perror("ioctl");
|
|
|
+ exit(errno);
|
|
|
+ }
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
-}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\t\t\t *** Test complete ***\n");
|
|
|
-fprintf(stderr, "\nTyping \"cat /proc/interrupts\" will show %d more events on IRQ 8.\n\n",
|
|
|
- irqcount);
|
|
|
+done:
|
|
|
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n\n\t\t\t *** Test complete ***\n");
|
|
|
|
|
|
-close(fd);
|
|
|
-return 0;
|
|
|
+ close(fd);
|
|
|
|
|
|
-} /* end main */
|
|
|
+ return 0;
|
|
|
+}
|