uprobes/core: Optimize probe hits with the help of a counter

Maintain a per-mm counter: number of uprobes that are inserted
on this process address space.

This counter can be used at probe hit time to determine if we
need a lookup in the uprobes rbtree. Everytime a probe gets
inserted successfully, the probe count is incremented and
everytime a probe gets removed, the probe count is decremented.

The new uprobe_munmap hook ensures the count is correct on a
unmap or remap of a region. We expect that once a
uprobe_munmap() is called, the vma goes away.  So
uprobe_unregister() finding a probe to unregister would either
mean unmap event hasnt occurred yet or a mmap event on the same
executable file occured after a unmap event.

Additionally, uprobe_mmap hook now also gets called:

 a. on every executable vma that is COWed at fork.
 b. a vma of interest is newly mapped; breakpoint insertion also
    happens at the required address.

On process creation, make sure the probes count in the child is
set correctly.

Special cases that are taken care include:

 a. mremap
 b. VM_DONTCOPY vmas on fork()
 c. insertion/removal races in the parent during fork().

Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linux-mm <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Anton Arapov <anton@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120330182646.10018.85805.sendpatchset@srdronam.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

include/linux/uprobes.h

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ struct xol_area {
 
 struct uprobes_state {
 	struct xol_area		*xol_area;
+	atomic_t		count;
 };
 extern int __weak set_swbp(struct arch_uprobe *aup, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr);
 extern int __weak set_orig_insn(struct arch_uprobe *aup, struct mm_struct *mm,  unsigned long vaddr, bool verify);
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ extern bool __weak is_swbp_insn(uprobe_opcode_t *insn);
 extern int uprobe_register(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, struct uprobe_consumer *uc);
 extern void uprobe_unregister(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, struct uprobe_consumer *uc);
 extern int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
+extern void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
 extern void uprobe_free_utask(struct task_struct *t);
 extern void uprobe_copy_process(struct task_struct *t);
 extern unsigned long __weak uprobe_get_swbp_addr(struct pt_regs *regs);
@@ -132,6 +134,9 @@ static inline int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+static inline void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+}
 static inline void uprobe_notify_resume(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 }

kernel/events/uprobes.c

@@ -642,6 +642,29 @@ copy_insn(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
 	return __copy_insn(mapping, vma, uprobe->arch.insn, bytes, uprobe->offset);
 }
 
+/*
+ * How mm->uprobes_state.count gets updated
+ * uprobe_mmap() increments the count if
+ * 	- it successfully adds a breakpoint.
+ * 	- it cannot add a breakpoint, but sees that there is a underlying
+ * 	  breakpoint (via a is_swbp_at_addr()).
+ *
+ * uprobe_munmap() decrements the count if
+ * 	- it sees a underlying breakpoint, (via is_swbp_at_addr)
+ * 	  (Subsequent uprobe_unregister wouldnt find the breakpoint
+ * 	  unless a uprobe_mmap kicks in, since the old vma would be
+ * 	  dropped just after uprobe_munmap.)
+ *
+ * uprobe_register increments the count if:
+ * 	- it successfully adds a breakpoint.
+ *
+ * uprobe_unregister decrements the count if:
+ * 	- it sees a underlying breakpoint and removes successfully.
+ * 	  (via is_swbp_at_addr)
+ * 	  (Subsequent uprobe_munmap wouldnt find the breakpoint
+ * 	  since there is no underlying breakpoint after the
+ * 	  breakpoint removal.)
+ */
 static int
 install_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
 			struct vm_area_struct *vma, loff_t vaddr)
@@ -675,7 +698,19 @@ install_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
 
 		uprobe->flags |= UPROBE_COPY_INSN;
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Ideally, should be updating the probe count after the breakpoint
+	 * has been successfully inserted. However a thread could hit the
+	 * breakpoint we just inserted even before the probe count is
+	 * incremented. If this is the first breakpoint placed, breakpoint
+	 * notifier might ignore uprobes and pass the trap to the thread.
+	 * Hence increment before and decrement on failure.
+	 */
+	atomic_inc(&mm->uprobes_state.count);
 	ret = set_swbp(&uprobe->arch, mm, addr);
+	if (ret)
+		atomic_dec(&mm->uprobes_state.count);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -683,7 +718,8 @@ install_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
 static void
 remove_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm, loff_t vaddr)
 {
-	set_orig_insn(&uprobe->arch, mm, (unsigned long)vaddr, true);
+	if (!set_orig_insn(&uprobe->arch, mm, (unsigned long)vaddr, true))
+		atomic_dec(&mm->uprobes_state.count);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1009,7 +1045,7 @@ int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 	struct list_head tmp_list;
 	struct uprobe *uprobe, *u;
 	struct inode *inode;
-	int ret;
+	int ret, count;
 
 	if (!atomic_read(&uprobe_events) || !valid_vma(vma, true))
 		return 0;
@@ -1023,6 +1059,7 @@ int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 	build_probe_list(inode, &tmp_list);
 
 	ret = 0;
+	count = 0;
 
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(uprobe, u, &tmp_list, pending_list) {
 		loff_t vaddr;
@@ -1030,21 +1067,85 @@ int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 		list_del(&uprobe->pending_list);
 		if (!ret) {
 			vaddr = vma_address(vma, uprobe->offset);
-			if (vaddr >= vma->vm_start && vaddr < vma->vm_end) {
-				ret = install_breakpoint(uprobe, vma->vm_mm, vma, vaddr);
-				/* Ignore double add: */
-				if (ret == -EEXIST)
-					ret = 0;
+
+			if (vaddr < vma->vm_start || vaddr >= vma->vm_end) {
+				put_uprobe(uprobe);
+				continue;
 			}
+
+			ret = install_breakpoint(uprobe, vma->vm_mm, vma, vaddr);
+
+			/* Ignore double add: */
+			if (ret == -EEXIST) {
+				ret = 0;
+
+				if (!is_swbp_at_addr(vma->vm_mm, vaddr))
+					continue;
+
+				/*
+				 * Unable to insert a breakpoint, but
+				 * breakpoint lies underneath. Increment the
+				 * probe count.
+				 */
+				atomic_inc(&vma->vm_mm->uprobes_state.count);
+			}
+
+			if (!ret)
+				count++;
 		}
 		put_uprobe(uprobe);
 	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
 
+	if (ret)
+		atomic_sub(count, &vma->vm_mm->uprobes_state.count);
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Called in context of a munmap of a vma.
+ */
+void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct list_head tmp_list;
+	struct uprobe *uprobe, *u;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	if (!atomic_read(&uprobe_events) || !valid_vma(vma, false))
+		return;
+
+	if (!atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->uprobes_state.count))
+		return;
+
+	inode = vma->vm_file->f_mapping->host;
+	if (!inode)
+		return;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tmp_list);
+	mutex_lock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
+	build_probe_list(inode, &tmp_list);
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(uprobe, u, &tmp_list, pending_list) {
+		loff_t vaddr;
+
+		list_del(&uprobe->pending_list);
+		vaddr = vma_address(vma, uprobe->offset);
+
+		if (vaddr >= vma->vm_start && vaddr < vma->vm_end) {
+			/*
+			 * An unregister could have removed the probe before
+			 * unmap. So check before we decrement the count.
+			 */
+			if (is_swbp_at_addr(vma->vm_mm, vaddr) == 1)
+				atomic_dec(&vma->vm_mm->uprobes_state.count);
+		}
+		put_uprobe(uprobe);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
+}
+
 /* Slot allocation for XOL */
 static int xol_add_vma(struct xol_area *area)
 {
@@ -1150,6 +1251,7 @@ void uprobe_clear_state(struct mm_struct *mm)
 void uprobe_reset_state(struct mm_struct *mm)
 {
 	mm->uprobes_state.xol_area = NULL;
+	atomic_set(&mm->uprobes_state.count, 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1504,7 +1606,8 @@ int uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	struct uprobe_task *utask;
 
-	if (!current->mm)
+	if (!current->mm || !atomic_read(&current->mm->uprobes_state.count))
+		/* task is currently not uprobed */
 		return 0;
 
 	utask = current->utask;

kernel/fork.c

@@ -421,6 +421,9 @@ static int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
 
 		if (retval)
 			goto out;
+
+		if (file && uprobe_mmap(tmp))
+			goto out;
 	}
 	/* a new mm has just been created */
 	arch_dup_mmap(oldmm, mm);

mm/mmap.c

@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ void unlink_file_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 		mutex_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
 		__remove_shared_vm_struct(vma, file, mapping);
 		mutex_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
+		uprobe_munmap(vma);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -546,8 +547,14 @@ again:			remove_next = 1 + (end > next->vm_end);
 
 	if (file) {
 		mapping = file->f_mapping;
-		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR))
+		if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_NONLINEAR)) {
 			root = &mapping->i_mmap;
+			uprobe_munmap(vma);
+
+			if (adjust_next)
+				uprobe_munmap(next);
+		}
+
 		mutex_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
 		if (insert) {
 			/*
@@ -626,6 +633,7 @@ again:			remove_next = 1 + (end > next->vm_end);
 
 	if (remove_next) {
 		if (file) {
+			uprobe_munmap(next);
 			fput(file);
 			if (next->vm_flags & VM_EXECUTABLE)
 				removed_exe_file_vma(mm);