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@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ management, and hot plug. In particular, the model dictated by Intel and
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Microsoft (namely ACPI) ensures that almost every device on almost any bus
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on an x86-compatible system can work within this paradigm. Of course,
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not every bus is able to support all such operations, although most
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-buses support a most of those operations.
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+buses support most of those operations.
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Downstream Access
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@@ -46,25 +46,29 @@ struct pci_dev now looks like this:
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struct pci_dev {
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...
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- struct device dev;
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+ struct device dev; /* Generic device interface */
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+ ...
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};
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-Note first that it is statically allocated. This means only one allocation on
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-device discovery. Note also that it is at the _end_ of struct pci_dev. This is
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-to make people think about what they're doing when switching between the bus
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-driver and the global driver; and to prevent against mindless casts between
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-the two.
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+Note first that the struct device dev within the struct pci_dev is
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+statically allocated. This means only one allocation on device discovery.
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+
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+Note also that that struct device dev is not necessarily defined at the
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+front of the pci_dev structure. This is to make people think about what
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+they're doing when switching between the bus driver and the global driver,
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+and to discourage meaningless and incorrect casts between the two.
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The PCI bus layer freely accesses the fields of struct device. It knows about
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the structure of struct pci_dev, and it should know the structure of struct
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device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted to the current
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driver model generally do not and should not touch the fields of struct device,
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-unless there is a strong compelling reason to do so.
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+unless there is a compelling reason to do so.
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-This abstraction is prevention of unnecessary pain during transitional phases.
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-If the name of the field changes or is removed, then every downstream driver
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-will break. On the other hand, if only the bus layer (and not the device
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-layer) accesses struct device, it is only that layer that needs to change.
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+The above abstraction prevents unnecessary pain during transitional phases.
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+If it were not done this way, then when a field was renamed or removed, every
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+downstream driver would break. On the other hand, if only the bus layer
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+(and not the device layer) accesses the struct device, it is only the bus
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+layer that needs to change.
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User Interface
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@@ -73,15 +77,27 @@ User Interface
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By virtue of having a complete hierarchical view of all the devices in the
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system, exporting a complete hierarchical view to userspace becomes relatively
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easy. This has been accomplished by implementing a special purpose virtual
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-file system named sysfs. It is hence possible for the user to mount the
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-whole sysfs filesystem anywhere in userspace.
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+file system named sysfs.
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+
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+Almost all mainstream Linux distros mount this filesystem automatically; you
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+can see some variation of the following in the output of the "mount" command:
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+
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+$ mount
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+...
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+none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
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+...
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+$
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+
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+The auto-mounting of sysfs is typically accomplished by an entry similar to
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+the following in the /etc/fstab file:
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+
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+none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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-This can be done permanently by providing the following entry into the
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-/etc/fstab (under the provision that the mount point does exist, of course):
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+or something similar in the /lib/init/fstab file on Debian-based systems:
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-none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
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+none /sys sysfs nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
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-Or by hand on the command line:
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+If sysfs is not automatically mounted, you can always do it manually with:
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# mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
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